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New research, October 15-21, 2018

Posted on 26 October 2018 by Ari Jokimäki

A selection of new climate related research articles is shown below.

Climate change mitigation

Climate change communication

From climates multiple to climate singular: Maintaining policy-relevance in the IPCC synthesis report

Audience Segments in Environmental and Science Communication: Recent Findings and Future Perspectives (open access) 

Energy production

An analysis of the historical trends in nuclear power plant construction costs: The Japanese experience

Community financing of renewable energy projects in Austria and Switzerland: Profiles of potential investors

Life cycle inventory of power producing technologies and power grids at regional grid level in India

Social implications of palm oil production through social life cycle perspectives in Johor, Malaysia

Like having an electric car on the roof: Domesticating PV solar panels in Norway (open access)

Ranking renewable energy production methods based on economic and environmental criteria using multi-criteria decision analysis

Emission savings

Prospective “warm-glow” of reducing meat consumption in China: Emotional associations with intentions for meat consumption curtailment and consumption of meat substitutes

Assessing the progress toward lower priced long range battery electric vehicles

The roles of network embeddedness, market incentives, and slack resources in the adoption of clean technologies by firms in developing countries

Striking divergences in Earth Observation products may limit their use for REDD+ (open access)

Geoengineering

Upper tropospheric ice sensitivity to sulfate geoengineering (open access)

Climate change

Differences and variations in the elevation-dependent climatic growing season of the northern and southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains of China from 1985 to 2015

Climate change evidence in brazil from Koppen's climate annual types frequency

Temperature, precipitation, wind

Changes in Global Monsoon Precipitation and the Related Dynamic and Thermodynamic Mechanisms in Recent Decades

Quantifying the importance of rapid adjustments for global precipitation changes

Analyses for High?Resolution Projections through the End of the 21st Century for Precipitation Extremes over the United States (open access)

Recent and future changes of precipitation extremes in mainland Portugal

Future high-temperature extremes and stationarity

Observed Changes in Temperature Extremes over China?Pakistan Economic Corridor during 1980?2016

Changing station coverage impacts temperature trends in the Upper Colorado River Basin

Lake Surface Water Temperature Change Over the Tibetan Plateau From 2001 to 2015: A Sensitive Indicator of the Warming Climate

Spatial distribution of unidirectional trends in climate and weather extremes in Nile river basin

Extreme events

Substantial increase in heatwave risks in China in a future warmer world (open access)

An intensified mode of variability modulating the summer heat waves in eastern Europe and northern China

Stronger Contributions of Urbanization to Heat Wave Trends in Wet Climates

Future Projections of Global Pluvial and Drought Event Characteristics

Meteorological and hydrological drought on the Loess Plateau, China: Evolutionary characteristics, impact, and propagation

Quantifying flood events in Bangladesh with a daily-step flood monitoring index based on the concept of daily effective precipitation

Benefit analysis of flood adaptation under climate change scenario

Rural versus urban perspective on coastal flooding: the insights from the U.S. Mid-Atlantic communities (open access)

The 2011 floods’ impact on the Thai industrial estates’ financial stability: a ratio analysis with policy recommendations

Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Mujigae (2015) under Different Sea Surface Temperatures: Structural Changes Leading to Rapid Intensification

Estimating damages from climate-related natural disasters for the Caribbean at 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming above preindustrial levels

Forcings and feedbacks

Temporal Characteristics of Cloud Radiative Effects on the Greenland Ice Sheet: Discoveries from Multi?year Automatic Weather Station Measurements

Balanced cloud radiative effects across a range of dynamical conditions over the tropical west Pacific

Exploiting satellite observations for global surface albedo trends monitoring

Summer cooling driven by large volcanic eruptions over the Tibetan Plateau

Cryosphere

Local coastal water masses control heat levels in a West Greenland tidewater outlet glacier fjord

Spatio-temporal variability of Antarctic sea-ice thickness and volume obtained from ICESat data using an innovative algorithm

Recent sea ice decline did not significantly increase the total liquid freshwater content of the Arctic Ocean

Melt pond conditions on declining Arctic sea ice over 1979–2016: Model development, validation, and results

Influence of Atmospheric Rivers on Mountain Snowpack in the Western U.S.

Hydrosphere 

Long-term changes in evaporation over Siling Co Lake on the Tibetan Plateau and its impact on recent rapid lake expansion

Response of the hydrological cycle in Asian monsoon systems to global warming through the lens of water vapor wave activity analysis

Atmospheric and oceanic circulation

Unprecedented strength of Hadley circulation in 2015–2016 impacts on CO2 interhemispheric difference (open access)

Asymmetric changes of ENSO diversity modulated by the cold tongue mode under recent global warming

Recent changes in summer Greenland blocking captured by none of the CMIP5 models (open access)

The key role of ozone depleting substances in weakening the Walker circulation in the second half of the 20th century

Climate?driven change in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean can greatly reduce the circulation of the North Sea

Atlantic Water heat transport variability in the 20th century Arctic Ocean from a global ocean model and observations

Carbon and nitrogen cycles

Organic matter characteristics in yedoma and thermokarst deposits on Baldwin Peninsula, west Alaska (open access)

Analysis of long-term (2003–2015) spatial-temporal distribution of atmospheric methane in the troposphere over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau based on AIRS data

Climate change impacts 

Mankind

A systems network approach for climate change vulnerability assessment (open access)

Understanding island residents’ anxiety about impacts caused by climate change using Best–Worst Scaling: a case study of Amami islands, Japan

Biosphere

Deciphering carbon sources of mussel shell carbonate under experimental ocean acidification and warming

Global warming-induced temperature effects to intertidal tropical and temperate meiobenthic communities

Indications of future performance of native and non-native adult oysters under acidification and warming

Contrasting biosphere responses to hydrometeorological extremes: revisiting the 2010 western Russian heatwave (open access)

Mechanisms of northern North Atlantic biomass variability (open access)

Northward Expansion and Intensification of Phytoplankton Growth During the Early Ice?Free Season in Arctic (open access)

Seedling growth of savanna tree species from three continents under grass competition and nutrient limitation in a greenhouse experiment

The climatic drivers of normalized difference vegetation index and tree?ring?based estimates of forest productivity are spatially coherent but temporally decoupled in Northern Hemispheric forests

Changes in tall shrub abundance on the North Slope of Alaska, 2000–2010

Assessing Phytoplankton Activities in the Seasonal Ice Zone of the Greenland Sea over an Annual Cycle

Recolonization of marginal coral reef flats in response to recent sea?level rise

Divergent trends in the risk of spring frost damage to trees in Europe with recent warming

The influence of weather on avian spring migration phenology: What, where and when? (open access)

Other impacts

Impact of the North American Monsoon on wildfire activity in the southwest United States

Other papers

General climate science

Using Neural Networks to Correct Historical Climate Observations

A 19th century daily surface pressure series for the Southwestern Cape region of South Africa: 1834?1899

Palaeoclimatology

Coastal primary productivity changes over the last millennium: a case study from the Skagerrak (North Sea) (open access)

Flood events in Transylvania during the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age

The role of regional feedbacks in glacial inception on Baffin Island: the interaction of ice flow and meteorology (open access)

Vulnerability, resilience and adaptation of societies during major extreme storms during the Little Ice Age (open access)

New constraints on massive carbon release and recovery processes during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (open access)

Glaciochemical records for the past century from the no. 1 Qiangtang glacier ice core on the central Tibetan Plateau: Likely proxies for climate and atmospheric circulations

Other environmental issues 

Environmental perception in 33 European countries: an analysis based on partial order

Present status of water chemistry and acidification under nonpoint sources of pollution across European Russia and West Siberia (open access)

Long-term trends in the ambient PM2.5- and O3-related mortality burdens in the United States under emission reductions from 1990 to 2010 (open access)

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Comments

Comments 1 to 1:

  1. I don't doubt CO2 plays a significant role, yet I've heard nothing in the news of how global broadcast transmitters could play a role in climate change by stimulating an ozone depletion mechanism called Relativistic Electron Precipitation. Is anybody aware of this?

    Our climate is changing as many of us are aware and many have dedicated their lives and time to doing our best to set right the challenges we face so that our children and generations ahead may have a healthy ecosystem to grow in and thrive upon. About ten years ago I dove deep into the climate change issue and learned about many facets of this astronomical challenge we face, most importantly the problem that rising CO2 levels pose from man made sources. In my process of learning about various climate forcing mechanisms I became aware of another mechanism and have wondered for years of its potential significance in climate change. Through discourse with friends and others it seems little are aware of this other factor that could potentially play a role in the dynamics we’re seeing and I’m hoping to connect with you in hopes that you or one of your colleagues may be able to shed light on these curiosities should there be more to this other climate forcing mechanism, or good reasons to dismiss it. If we truly wish to solve this incredibly difficult task it seems to me that we should leave no stone unturned. So here I am doing my part and due diligence as best I know how. I hope it is well received with an open mind and an open heart.

    In 2007 I learned of a phenomenon known as Relativistic Electron Precipitation - REP and that some of the leading researchers of ionospheric physics, such as Michal Parrot of CNRS France head of DEMETER micro-satellite mission and VERSIM (VLF/ELF Remote Sensing of Ionospheres and Magnetospheres 96’ - 05’) who said in a research paper that using scientific transmitters it was becoming clear that it stimulates REP and could have a potential impact on “the global warming of the earth”.

    “At VLF frequencies between 10 and 20 kHz, the ground-based transmitters are used for radio-navigation and communications. Their ionospheric perturbations include: the triggering of new waves, ionospheric heating, wave-electron interactions, and particle precipitation. At HF frequencies, the broadcasting stations utilise powerful transmitters which can heat the ionosphere and change the temperature and the density. All these wave dissipations in the ionosphere could participate to the global warming of the Earth because the change in global temperature increases the number of natural lightning discharges in the atmosphere. Then the supplementary lightning discharges produce more magnetospheric whistlers which could produce heating and ionization in the lower ionosphere.

    Furthermore, it is a feedback mechanism because two different processes could be involved. First, lightning is a source of NOx, and NOx affects the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect. Second, precipitation of energetic electrons by man?made waves may trigger other lightning discharges. It explains the importance of the study of such man-made waves [7]. Ionospheric perturbations by natural geophysical activities have been made evident by two methods: the study of the electromagnetic waves, and the measurement of the electron density.” LINK

    Since learning of REP and its potential role in climate change we’ve seen more and more research coming out that could potentially support the possibility that REP, along with increasing CO2, play a significant role in the climate change we are seeing. For example REP is potentially linked to the most notable region of climate warming in the entire Southern Hemisphere. “In this report we attract attention to a fact that the global maximum of the outer belt energetic electron precipitation is localized in a narrow longitudinal belt centered in the Weddell Sea i.e. in the area of climate warming in the Southern hemisphere. It was shown by several explorers that energetic resources of this electron precipitation are sufficient to change temperature regime of the stratosphere and troposphere.”

    Peculiarities of Long-Term Trends of Surface Temperature in Antarctica and Their Possible Connections with Outer Belt Electron Precipitation 

    As you may well know the stratospheric ozone level is at an altitude above the carbon from man made sources and acts as a valve for UV rays coming into our atmosphere heating these greenhouse gasses. While most of the scientific community has been focused on rising CO2 levels, we’ve heard very little about how our potential use of broadcast energy on a global scale could be stimulating this REP ~ ozone depletion mechanism.

    Though we hear more about the potential healing of the ozone holes in polar regions, we’ve heard little about how ozone levels over most populated areas are thinning increasing UV rays: "The potential for harm in lower latitudes may actually be worse than at the poles..The decreases in ozone are less than we saw at the poles before the Montreal Protocol was enacted, but UV radiation is more intense in these regions and more people live there.

    A 2016 scientific report first coined the term Anthropogenic Space Weather and discussed the effect our output of electromagnetic energy specifically in the VLF range has been directly observed by NASA satellites to radically alter our magnetosphere creating an artificial bubble of energy around the planet capable of blocking high energy particles from space. This article frames the energetic bubble as being beneficial to blocking radiation from space, but could it also be playing a role in stimulating ozone depletion through Relativistic Electron Precipitation? 

    First-time evidence shows electrons precipitating or 'raining' from Earth’s magnetosphere are destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center— 

    In 2002 Bo Thide from the Swedish Institute of Space Physics wrote a paper titled, “Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Mission, an Elaborate Science Case” in which he put out a call for ideas regarding this REP climate forcing mechanism saying that the public should be concerned. Bo Thide is one of the world’s leading ionospheric physicists. He wrote the book on Electromagnetic Field Theory and single handedly revolutionized our understanding of ionospheric research with multi channel ionospheric probing; awarding him the Edlund Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1991. If he’s saying “the public should be concerned”.. why aren’t we even aware of this?

    So after looking at all this I’m left wondering how significant our use of broadcast energy could be in climate change given these new findings? Are NASA and other scientists looking into this possibility and do they deem it potentially significant in climate change? If not.. Why not? Perhaps there is indeed a good reason I’m not aware of.

    According the the IPCC, REP was discounted as a potential player in climate change because it’s variability was too closely linked to solar proton events which are unpredictable and REP is seen as “natural”, but if we’ve been outputting EM energy into the ionosphere longer than we’ve been able to measure it, then how can we know what is or isn’t “natural”? “Nevertheless, VLF transmissions of anthropogenic origin may constitute a key space weather influence on pathways that fundamentally alter the storm-time radiation belt. Under these assumptions, it is interesting for the reader to consider what the terrestrial radiation belt environment might have been in the pre-transmitter, and pre-observation, era.”
    Anthropogenic Space Weather 2016 - 

    It has taken our scientific community a long time to realize the dire effects man made CO2 plays as a climate forcing mechanism. I don’t doubt its significance and am left wondering if it will take another 50 years before we see there’s potentially another part in the wholistic equation of our complex climate system.

    If we’re truly dedicating our time, careers and lives to solving this monumental problem for generations ahead.. are we looking at the potential significance of how our global broadcast may be stimulating an ozone depletion mechanism allowing more UV rays to heat increasing levels of greenhouse gasses most of all CO2 from man made sources? How do we determine what is or isn’t worth our time when looking for answers?

    I really appreciate all the energy and effort you and others are dedicating to solving the issues of climate change and appreciate your time and consideration around this letter.

    Thank you sincerely, Professor Lewis Carlson PhD ~ RelativisticElectronPrecipitation@protonmail.com

    0 0
    Moderator Response:

    [DB] Hyperlinked references (URLs were breaking the page formatting).  Please learn to do this yourself, thanks!

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