Exploring the minute mechanical deformations induced by electrical bias at the interface with electrolytes allows the identification of local crystallinity and distinguishing adsorption and intercalation of ions in electroactive polymers.
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Crispin, X., Kalinin, S. Probing the solid–liquid interface. Nature Mater 16, 704–705 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4921
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4921