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Neues aus der Onkologischen Trainings- und Bewegungstherapie

New aspects of oncologic training and exercise therapy

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best practice onkologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die wissenschaftliche Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit bewegungstherapeutischer Interventionen in der Onkologie ist partiell so überzeugend, dass im nächsten Schritt die Implementierung von qualitätsgesicherten Bewegungsprogrammen in die Versorgungsstrukturen erfolgen muss. Es ist demnach belegt, dass gezielte körperliche Aktivität das Fatigue-Syndrom, die Harninkontinenz bei Prostatakrebspatienten sowie die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit positiv beeinflussen kann. Darüber hinaus liegen in diesem Kontext ernst zu nehmende Hinweise für positive Auswirkungen auf das sekundäre Lymphödem sowie die chemotherapieinduzierte Polyneuropathie vor. Im Idealfall sollte die Onkologische Bewegungstherapie schon vor Beginn der medizinischen Therapie einsetzen, um die Patienten zu stabilisieren und auf diese Weise Komplikationen und Nebenwirkungen während der Akutphase abzumildern, wie dies erste Studien aufzeigen (Prähabilitation). Die verfügbaren Daten zu bewegungstherapeutischen Interventionen bei onkologischen Erkrankungen im Kindesalter sind noch relativ heterogen, belegen jedoch allesamt die Realisierbarkeit und Notwendigkeit von Bewegungstherapie und Sport in der onkologischen Pädiatrie und schließen Nebenwirkungen („adverse events“) aus.

Abstract

Scientific evidence for the efficacy of therapeutic exercise interventions in oncology is, in part, so convincing that the next step would have to be implementation of quality assured exercise programs within the organs of oncologic care. It has been demonstrated that targeted physical activity can positively influence fatigue syndrome, urinary incontinence in prostate cancer patients, and physical performance in general. Furthermore, in this context, there are strong indications for beneficial effects on secondary lymphedema and chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy. Ideally, oncologic exercise therapy should be implemented before the start of medical treatment, in order to stabilize the patients and, by this means, minimize complications and side effects during the acute phase, as supported by initial studies (prehabilitation). The available data on therapeutic exercise inventions in pediatric oncologic diseases are still very heterogeneous; however, all demonstrate the feasibility and necessity of exercise therapy and sport in pediatric oncology, and also exclude adverse events.

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Danksagung

Der Autor bedankt sich herzlichst bei Frau Sabrina Blume für ihre Unterstützung bei der Erstellung dieses Artikels.

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Correspondence to Freerk T. Baumann.

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Baumann, F.T. Neues aus der Onkologischen Trainings- und Bewegungstherapie. best practice onkologie 12, 158–163 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11654-017-0027-9

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