Once you've got your zones and your training plan figured out, you can play with other variables like cadence and the power-to-weight concept, both of which can have significant effects on your overall power output. Your power-to-weight ratio is a relatively controllable factor that can greatly increase your speed. Basically, the lower your weight, the less energy (watts) it takes to go the same speed at a consistent pace for longer periods of time. While losing weight won’t necessarily increase your power, it will increase your power-to-weight ratio—which means you'll go faster with less work.
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Another important variable when playing with power is cadence. You can think of cadence as revolutions per minute (RPMs) that you make with your legs when pedaling. Try riding with different cadences to see what works best for you when targeting various power zones. Some athletes have the muscle to push massive watts when turning over a big (hard) gear at 50 RPMs. Others have the aerobic capacity to spin 120 RPMs and keep consistently high power numbers. There is no right or wrong – it’s important to find whatever cadence allows your body to put out consistent levels of power.
There are many types of power training programs on the market that can guide you to greater levels of fitness. Now that you have the knowledge of some of the basics, it’s up to you to decide on the right program for your time commitment and cycling goals. As always, it’s not a matter of the quantity you train, but the quality of the time you spend training. When using power basics in a systematic training approach, results can come quickly. Introducing more detailed metrics and working with a professional coach can further refine your skills, helping you maximize your performance.