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Sleep disorders and oral health: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Objectives

Sleep disorders (SDs), particularly sleep deprivation, may alter the immune system and induce systemic inflammation. Recent evidence supports an association between SDs and periodontal diseases. This cross-sectional epidemiological study aims to compare oral health variables, such as the amount of plaque/calculus, gingival inflammation, and masticatory function, in individuals with and without SDs.

Materials and methods

The study population consisted in a French cohort of individuals who underwent medical and oral examinations between 2012 and 2013. Multivariate logistic regression and general linear models were used for group comparisons.

Results

Over a total of 29,870 individuals, 11,185 (37.4 %) reported to suffer from SDs on a regular basis. Compared to individuals without SDs, SD individuals were older (mean age 44.2 vs. 45.3 years; p < 0.0001), prevalently female (38.6 vs. 52.1 %; p < 0.0001), and with higher BMI (25.3 vs. 25.7; p < 0.0001). Moreover, SD individuals displayed a significantly higher prevalence of comorbidities, higher level of gingival inflammation (adjusted odds ratio 1.22 [95 % confidence interval 1.13–1.32]), and lower masticatory function (1.45 [1.33–1.58]). Short sleepers (<6 h of sleep/night) were found to be at an increased risk of gingival inflammation (1.25 [1.1–1.4]). SD individuals with moderate-to-high gingival inflammation showed a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (1.39 [1.04–1.84]) compared to SD individuals with low or no gingival inflammation.

Conclusions

Individuals with self-report SDs are at increased risk of gingival inflammation. The coexistence of SDs and gingival inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Clinical relevance

These findings provide evidence for an association between SDs and gingival inflammation and support further clinical and experimental studies.

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Acknowledgments

The study was conducted at the Centre d’Investigations Préventives et Cliniques (IPC), Paris, France. The authors would like to thank the Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés (CNAM-TS, France) and the Caisse Primaire d’Assurance Maladie de Paris (CPAM-P, France) for helping in making this study possible. All authors certify that they have no conflict of interest to disclose in relation to the subject matter or materials discussed in the present study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France

    Maria Clotilde Carra, Audrey Schmitt & Philippe Bouchard

  2. Centre d’Investigations Préventives et Cliniques (IPC), Paris, France

    Frederique Thomas, Nicolas Danchin & Bruno Pannier

  3. Department of Cardiology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 5-Descartes University, Medicine Faculty, Paris, France

    Nicolas Danchin

  4. Manhès Hospital, Fleury-Mérogis, France

    Bruno Pannier

  5. EA 2496, Paris 5-Descartes University, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France

    Philippe Bouchard

Authors
  1. Maria Clotilde Carra
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  3. Frederique Thomas
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Philippe Bouchard.

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Funding

No funding.

Conflict of interest

Nicolas Danchin received research grants from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, Sanofi, and Eli Lilly. He is consultant and speakers’ bureau for Sanofi, MSD, GSK, Pfizer, Novo-Nordisk, Sevier, Daiichi Sankyp, Eli Lilly, and Bayer. Philippe Bouchard received funding and research support from Colgate and Johnson&Johnson. Maria Clotilde Carra, Audrey Schmitt, Frederique Thomas, and Bruno Pannier declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Following the authorization of the Commission Nationale Informatique et Libertés (CNIL), the IPC center performed analyses of anonymous data collected during voluntary health check-ups.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Carra, M.C., Schmitt, A., Thomas, F. et al. Sleep disorders and oral health: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Invest 21, 975–983 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1851-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1851-y

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