Effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) seed and pulp oils on experimental models of gastric ulcer in rats
Introduction
Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) is a Euro–Asian wild, newly cultivated, edible berry with exceptionally high contents of nutrients and phytochemicals such as lipids, water and fat soluble vitamins, and flavonoids [1], [2], [3]. The total antioxidative capacity of the berry is due to the presence of vitamins C and E, carotenoids as well as enzymes such as various superoxide dismutase isoenzymes [4], [5], [6]. The berries have a long history of application (more than 1000 years) in Tibetan and Mongolian medicines in the treatment of various diseases. A wide spectrum of positive physiological effects of the berries and berry products have been suggested by animal experiments and clinical investigations [7], [8]. Oils extracted from sea buckthorn berries have been used for treating scalds, burns and other skin injuries in both man and animals [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]. Research has been carried out to test the effects of sea buckthorn oils on gastric ulcer [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18]. However, contradictory results have been reported [13], [14], [15], [16].
In most previous investigations, the oils were extracted with organic solvents. Recently, supercritical CO2 extraction of natural oils has been increasing due to the absence of solvent residue in the extracted oils. In the present study, the effects of supercritical CO2-extracted sea buckthorn seed and pulp oils on gastric ulcer were investigated for the first time.
Section snippets
Plant material
Wild sea buckthorn (H. rhamnoides subsp. rhamnoides) berries were collected in Romania in August 1997.
Preparation of oil
Sea buckthorn oils were extracted by supercritical CO2 from seeds (seed oil, SO) and soft part (pulp oil, PO). The extractions were carried out at a CO2 density of ca. 0.9 g/ml. The oils were stored in CO2 at 3 °C until used. The fatty acid composition and the contents of sitosterol, carotenoids, tocopherols and tocotrienols of the oils are shown in Table 1.
Drugs
Cimetidine (batch no. 97030508) was
Results
The seed oil, pulp oil and cimetidine showed protective effects against different models of ulcer formation. As reported in Table 2, Table 3, it was recognized that both oils showed a dose–response inhibition on ulcers induced by water-immersion and reserpine with an inhibition ranging from 21 to 39% and 11 to 70%, respectively. On the contrary, only the SB pulp oil showed a dose-dependent inhibition (22–44%) on pylorus-ligation-induced ulcer. The SB seed oil showed an inhibition of
Discussion
Che et al. reported protective and curative effects of sea buckthorn seed oil (2 ml/kg, once a day, or 5 ml/kg, once a day, for 7 days) for water immersion, reserpine and acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats [15]. On the contrary, Jiang et al. did not show a protective effect of the seed oil on water-immersion or acute reserpine models, while the pulp oil did not show a significant curative effect on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The varying results obtained in the two
Acknowledgements
Aromtech Oy (Tornio, Finland) is acknowledged for providing the oil capsules and sharing the expenses of the experiment.
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2020, Food Research InternationalCitation Excerpt :In Polish varieties of Hippophae rhamnoides, 93 g protein per kg DW of berries was found (Jaroszewska et al., 2018). Comparing to other berry varieties, the berries of sea buckthorn are characterized by a relatively high content of protein: only 9 g/kg DW was found in strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.), 18.5 g/kg DW in golden berry (Physalis peruviana L.) (Larmo et al., 2010), 33–44 g/kg DW in raspberries (Rubus niveus and Rubus ellipticus) and 65.6 g/kg DW in blackberries (Rubus ulmifolius) (Xing et al., 2002). Distribution of protein in sea buckthorn berry varies widely in particular parts.