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The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America Paperback – March 4, 2014

4.3 4.3 out of 5 stars 2,386 ratings

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NATIONAL BOOK AWARD WINNER
A NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER
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AN NPR BEST BOOK

Selected by
New York Times' critic Dwight Garner as a Favorite Book
A Washington Post Best Political Book
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New Republic Best Book

A riveting examination of a nation in crisis, from one of the finest political journalists of our generation.


American democracy is beset by a sense of crisis. Seismic shifts during a single generation have created a country of winners and losers, allowing unprecedented freedom while rending the social contract, driving the political system to the verge of breakdown, and setting citizens adrift to find new paths forward. In
The Unwinding, George Packer, author of The Assassins' Gate: America in Iraq, tells the story of the United States over the past three decades in an utterly original way, with his characteristically sharp eye for detail and gift for weaving together complex narratives.

The Unwinding journeys through the lives of several Americans, including Dean Price, the son of tobacco farmers, who becomes an evangelist for a new economy in the rural South; Tammy Thomas, a factory worker in the Rust Belt trying to survive the collapse of her city; Jeff Connaughton, a Washington insider oscillating between political idealism and the lure of organized money; and Peter Thiel, a Silicon Valley billionaire who questions the Internet's significance and arrives at a radical vision of the future. Packer interweaves these intimate stories with biographical sketches of the era's leading public figures, from Newt Gingrich to Jay-Z, and collages made from newspaper headlines, advertising slogans, and song lyrics that capture the flow of events and their undercurrents.

The Unwinding portrays a superpower in danger of coming apart at the seams, its elites no longer elite, its institutions no longer working, its ordinary people left to improvise their own schemes for success and salvation. Packer's novelistic and kaleidoscopic history of the new America is his most ambitious work to date.

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Editorial Reviews

Review

“[The Unwinding] hums―with sorrow, with outrage and with compassion...Packer's gifts are Steinbeckian in the best sense of that term...[Packer has] written something close to a nonfiction masterpiece.”―Dwight Garner, The New York Times

“Gripping...deeply affecting...beautifully reported.”―David Brooks,
The New York Times Book Review

“Remarkable.” ―Joe Klein,
Time

“Packer's dark rendering of the state of the nation feels pained but true. He offers no false hopes, no Hollywood endings, but he finds power in...the dignity and heart of a people.”―
The Washington Post

“[
The Unwinding] has many of the qualities of an epic novel...[a] professional work of journalism that also happens to be more intimate and textured―and certainly more ambitious―than most contemporary works of U.S. fiction dare to be...What distinguishes The Unwinding is the fullness of Packer's portraits, his willingness to show his subjects' human desires and foibles, and to give each of his subjects a fully throated voice.”―Héctor Tobar, The Los Angeles Times

“A monumental work that is both intimate and sweeping...Packer's writing dazzles...[his] reporting excels...The cumulative effect is extraordinary.”―Ken Armstrong,
The Seattle Times

“Brilliant. Harrowing. Gorgeously written...
The Unwinding is a lyrical requiem for a lost time, for downsized dreams and surrendered hopes. It's beautiful...but also...heartbreaking, a lush work of art that hurts all the more for being about the loss of hope and promise in America.”―The Daily Kos

“This is a work not just of fact, but of wit, irony, and astounding imagination.”―
The Paris Review

“A work of prodigious, highly original reporting...[Packer] demonstrates that the future of reporting out in world isn't in eclipse...Packer's arduous venture commands attention.”―Joseph Lelyveld,
The New York Review of Books

“Wide ranging, deeply reported, historically grounded and ideologically restrained...Instead of compelling us to engage with his theory of the past 35 years of the American experience, Packer invites us to explore the experience itself, as lived by our fellow citizens. They're human beings, not evidence for an agenda or fodder for talking points. Understanding that is the first step toward reclaiming the nation we share with them.”―Laura Miller,
Salon

“[Packer is] among the best non-fiction writers in America...[he] weaves an unforgettable tapestry...In its sensibility,
The Unwinding is closer to a novel than a work of non-fiction. It is all the more powerful for it.”―Edward Luce, The Financial Times

“Fascinating...elegant...A richly complex narrative brew.”―
The Chicago Tribune

“[An] awe-inspiring X-Ray of the modern American soul.”―
The Millions

“A brilliant and innovative book that transcends journalism to become literature.”―
Bookforum

“[S]uperbly written and consistently thought-provoking...
The Unwinding is long-form journalism at its best.”―Dallas News

“Masterful...thoughtful, thorough, and persuasive...the payoff comes when Packer's various elements combine in powerful and startling ways...What will stay with you...are the book's people, people Packer never turns into ideological mascots, people who struggle to survive, to create, to improve, even as the systems of support erode around them.”―
The Christian Science Monitor

“Packer writes...beautifully and precisely; respectfully and, when warranted, critically. There is a straightforward and generous humanity in his prose.”―Michael Tomasky,
The Daily Beast

“Packer's strength as a storyteller lies in his ability to marshal a diverse range of voices from across the class divide, in a nation deeply divided by social status.”―NPR Books

“Packer's is an American voice of exceptional clarity and humanity in a tradition of reportage that renders the quotidian extraordinary. When our descendants survey the ruins of this modern imperium and sift its cultural detritus, American voices like this will be the tiny treasures that endure.”―
The Independent (UK)

“This angry, wise and moving state-of-the-union address is too subtle and clever to be prescriptive. Packer offers no simplistic solutions. But here's the thing. The writing in this fine work showcases the very same qualities of democratic generosity and fair-mindedness whose supposed disappearance in America its author most laments.”―
The Telegraph (UK)

“Exemplary journalism...A foundational document in the literature of the end of America.”―
Kirkus Reviews (starred review)

“A broad and compelling perspective on a nation in crisis...an illuminating, in-depth, sometimes frightening view of the complexities of decline and the enduring hope of recovery.”―
Booklist (starred review)

“Trenchant...[the] brief biographies of seminal figures that shaped the current state of affairs offer the book's fiercest prose, such as in Packer's brutal takedown of Robert Rubin, secretary of the Treasury during some key 1990s financial deregulation that amplified the severity of the Great Recession of 2008. Packer has a keen eye for the big story in the small moment, writing about our fraying social fabric with talent that matches his dismay.”―
Publishers Weekly (starred review)

The Unwinding...echoes the symphonic rage of the celebrated television series The Wire...a tremendous work of reporting that pushes past abstractions and recycled debates...Whatever one's views on American decline generally, it is difficult to put the book down without...a conviction that we can do better.”―The Washington Monthly

“[A] sprawling, trenchant narrative...Packer is a thorough, insightful journalist, and his in-depth profiles provide a window into American life as a whole...
The Unwinding is a harrowing and bracing panoramic look at American society--things are bad everywhere, for everyone, but there's still a sense of optimism. Through hard work and dedication we can pull ourselves out of the financial, political, and social mess we've created and become stronger as individuals and ultimately as a society.”―The Brooklyn Rail

“George Packer has crafted a unique, irresistible contraption of a book. Not since John Dos Passos's celebrated U.S.A. trilogy, which
The Unwinding recollects and rivals, has a writer so cunningly plumbed the seething undercurrents of American life. The result is a sad but delicious jazz-tempo requiem for the post-World War II American social contract. You will often laugh through your tears at these tales of lives of ever-less-quiet desperation in a land going ever-more-noisily berserk.”―David M. Kennedy, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Freedom from Fear and Over Here

The Unwinding is the extraordinary story of what's happened to our country over the past thirty years. George Packer gives us an intimate look into American lives that have been transformed by the dissolution of all the things that used to hold us together. The result is an epic―wondrous, bracing, and true―that will stand as the defining book of our time.”―Dexter Filkins, author of The Forever War

The Unwinding presents a big, gorgeous, sad, utterly absorbing panorama of the relentless breakdown of the American social compact over a generation. George Packer communicates the scope and the human experience of the enormous change that is his subject better than any writer has so far.”―Nicholas Lemann, author of Redemption and The Promised Land

“Original, incisive, courageous, and essential. One of the best works of nonfiction I've read in years.”―Katherine Boo, National Book Award–winning author of
Behind the Beautiful Forevers

“George Packer serves us the history of our own life and times in a magisterial look at the America we lost.”―Lawrence Wright, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of
The Looming Tower and Going Clear

“The hearts and lives broken in this second great depression have now found their eloquent voice and fierce champion in George Packer.
The Unwinding is an American tragedy and a literary triumph.”―David Frum, author of Comeback and Why Romney Lost

“As with George Orwell's, each of George Packer's sentences carries a pulse of moral force.
The Unwinding is a sweeping and powerful book that everyone should read.”―David Grann, author of The Lost City of Z

About the Author

George Packer is an award-winning author and staff writer at The Atlantic. His previous books include The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America (winner of the National Book Award), The Assassins’ Gate: America in Iraq, and Our Man: Richard Holbrooke and the End of the American Century (winner of the Hitchens Prize and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for biography). He is also the author of two novels and a play, and the editor of a two-volume edition of the essays of George Orwell.

Product details

  • ASIN ‏ : ‎ 0374534608
  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Farrar, Straus and Giroux; Reprint edition (March 4, 2014)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 448 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9780374534608
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0374534608
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2.31 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.4 x 1.23 x 8.34 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.3 4.3 out of 5 stars 2,386 ratings

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4.3 out of 5 stars
2,386 global ratings

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Customers say

Customers find the book engaging and well-written. They appreciate the insightful and important topics covered. The writing style is readable without being simplistic. Readers enjoy the interesting stories presented in an interesting format. The book paints a vivid picture of the last 25 years. Character development leaves an impression, with characters that are both famous and unsung Americans. However, opinions differ on the pacing.

AI-generated from the text of customer reviews

262 customers mention "Readability"262 positive0 negative

Customers find the book compelling and informative. They enjoy reading about the people and history. The book provides good reviews and information on economics.

"...of the cognitive dissonance of some of those in stardom and are great reading while jumping from character to character adding to the overall..." Read more

"...this book will have a lot to think about and will have enjoyed reading these profiles." Read more

"...Each is a magnificent book which makes you think." Read more

"...The writing is clear and compelling, and the people are fascinating." Read more

237 customers mention "Insight"215 positive22 negative

Customers find the book insightful and well-researched. They say it provides a good overview of the country's problems and economy. It's a helpful reference for individuals who want a perspective on the last four years. The book casts a critical eye on the state of the nation at this juncture in history, and is a valuable source for getting a strong sense of how the US has evolved.

"...The book is split into three parts that are effectively chronological...." Read more

"First off, this is not a polemical book with Packer trying to thrust his viewpoint down your throat...." Read more

"...understand why we are where we are, this book will go a long way toward that understanding...." Read more

"...He also exposes you to inside the system and does give some very interesting perspectives...." Read more

223 customers mention "Storytelling"165 positive58 negative

Customers enjoy the storytelling in the book. They find the short chapters on people and places interesting. The book provides a human face on events, with detailed portraits of ordinary Americans. It uses a non-linear narrative technique that focuses on individuals.

"...It is a story of struggle and reinvention with a backdrop of slow fossilization of industry...." Read more

"...Packer tells this story by presenting a series of compelling profiles of several individuals: among them a union worker in Youngstown, Ohio, a..." Read more

"...So here we have two great storytellers each with same eccentric style telling us about three people - ordinary people, ordinary Americans , good..." Read more

"...This was a very hard book to read because it forced me to see what I look at every day...." Read more

219 customers mention "Writing quality"202 positive17 negative

Customers find the writing quality of the book insightful and engaging. They appreciate the readable style without being simplistic. The author's writing style is described as penetrating and detailed, making it hard to put down. Readers describe the book as an important chronicle of American life and the erosion of manufacturing. They find the format interesting, with short chapters on people. Overall, they consider the book well-done, albeit depressing.

"...It is a unique and interesting lense into what the crisis really meant for people rather than macroeconomic aggregates and provides a much more..." Read more

"...his amazing powers of shaping narratives to capture this unique time of upheaval in America...." Read more

"...the reader in “touch” with the time. There is an historical and literary parallel between this book written in and about the Great Recession..." Read more

"...The writing is clear and compelling, and the people are fascinating." Read more

39 customers mention "Character development"33 positive6 negative

Customers appreciate the well-developed characters in the book. They find the characters realistic and relatable, with well-chosen real people from different races, social strata, and regions of the country. The book identifies the heroes and villains clearly, portraying them well.

"...Packer looks at the past and present through the lives of well chosen real people who's livelihood were fundamentally affected by economic trends as..." Read more

"...These characters are self-made millionaires, American Dream success stories...." Read more

"...Finally, it offers a vivid portrayal of what George Packer calls the unwinding of America and how the powerful and rich became so at the expense of..." Read more

"...on historical figures was excellent, non-historical character development was generally very good...." Read more

39 customers mention "Look"36 positive3 negative

Customers find the book compelling and enjoyable to read. They find the stories vivid and well-written, with a clear theme and cool eye. The mini-biographies are well-chosen as proxies for major issues. Overall, readers describe the book as original and well-researched.

"The Unwinding is a fresh new look at the pre-crisis and post crisis US...." Read more

"...So here we have two great storytellers each with same eccentric style telling us about three people - ordinary people, ordinary Americans , good..." Read more

"...reading something written by a journalist: the stories are detailed, vivid, and Packer really lets you inhabit the lives of the people he is writing..." Read more

"...to look and see what's right there and he does it in wonderful page turning fashion, even if it is quite sad to read." Read more

74 customers mention "Pacing"46 positive28 negative

Customers have different views on the pacing of the book. Some find it engaging and insightful, with a fast-paced writing style that makes the places and time palpable. Others feel the book paints a depressing portrait of the country's shortcomings, including erosion of basic education and low-paying government jobs.

"...That comment, and Mr. Packer's wit, enthusiasm, and articulateness convinced me to try the book...." Read more

"...Jobs are either now low paying minimum wage, or, unsupportable government jobs, very well paid corporate jobs at the most senior levels, but a..." Read more

"...Through a set of engaging and short biographical vignettes, he builds the case for increased regulation to protect the public from our failed..." Read more

"...He makes the places and time palpable to the reader...." Read more

67 customers mention "Empathy"45 positive22 negative

Customers have mixed opinions about the empathy in the book. Some find it poignant and elegant, bringing the underlying issues to life without too much sentimentality. They appreciate the author's ability to show their pain and crushed hopes without being overly sentimental. However, others feel the book is depressing and not very inspiring, showing the pessimism and loneliness of living in poverty.

"...That comment, and Mr. Packer's wit, enthusiasm, and articulateness convinced me to try the book...." Read more

"...of some of its people ... much of it is not pretty ... but hope and promise remain ... it must." Read more

"...The awful aloneness of living in poverty...." Read more

"...At times it felt like I knew the author personally as he very poignantly and with elegance wrote about various people and periods and episodes in..." Read more

Top reviews from the United States

  • Reviewed in the United States on November 20, 2013
    The Unwinding is a fresh new look at the pre-crisis and post crisis US. George Packer looks at the past and present through the lives of well chosen real people who's livelihood were fundamentally affected by economic trends as well as the aftermath of the crisis. It is a unique and interesting lense into what the crisis really meant for people rather than macroeconomic aggregates and provides a much more human point of reference for the reader.

    The book is split into three parts that are effectively chronological. It has interspersed short chapters on chosen celebrities and their stories as well. The book focuses on a small group of individuals - Dean Price, Jeff Connaughton, Tammy Thomas, and as well on Tampa. They each have their own storyline and essentially can be read seperately as they are non-overlapping. George Packer also includes short chapters on Newt Gingrich, Oprah Winfrey, Sam Walton, Silicon Valley, Colin Powell, Bob Rubin, Jay - Z among others. Each character is chosen for good reason and the following of their lives gives a flavour of much of what has happened in the US. Dean Price comes from a tabacco farming past who constantly tries to re-invent himself and finally focuses on sustainable bio-fuels. It is a story of the peaks and troughs of entrepreneurism and the drive that this character felt towards finding purpose as well as financial recklessness that came with it. Jeff Connaughton is a political idealist who gave up Wall street to try to make a difference and joined Biden. The disillusionment in the process and the man growing with time forced a career move into the lobbying world where the reader sees a different side of american politics and the financial spillovers or in fact drivers that move Washington. Tammy Thomas is a woman growing up in poverty in the rustbelt in Ohio, she sees the slow dissolution of industrial activity and the spillovers of the exodus on community. It is a story of struggle and reinvention with a backdrop of slow fossilization of industry. Tampa covers where the housing boom was highly pronounced and goes through stories of overleverage, fraud and predatory lending, it covers how the mortgage market looked from the bottom up. The chapters on the celebrities are all examples of the cognitive dissonance of some of those in stardom and are great reading while jumping from character to character adding to the overall work.

    The Unwinding is a comprehensive account of the lives of people who grew up and lived through the great credit cycle that had gone on in the US for several decades. It discusses implicitly the leverage that built up in the system, it discusses the changing nature of american industry and the changing nature of american politics. It discusses disillusionment as well as aspects of revilization at the individual level. It is a historic account that gives a lot of perspective. The characters are excellently chosen and the messages one can take out of the book are broad and illuminating. Very good addition to the literature on recent US history that is truly unique.
    3 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on May 23, 2013
    First off, this is not a polemical book with Packer trying to thrust his viewpoint down your throat. Packer's own voice is largely absent from this book. Instead, he lets his characters speak for themselves. Regardless of your politics, you have to agree with Packer that since the 1960's, Americans have "watched structures that had been in place before your birth collapse like pillars of salt across the vast visible landscape." Government no longer consists of genuine politicians seeking to help the people, banks are no longer the staid institutions we once knew, and American manufacturing and the stable union jobs that accompanied it are mostly gone. As Packer notes, the loss of these institutions has obviously hurt some and helped others to prosper.

    Packer tells this story by presenting a series of compelling profiles of several individuals: among them a union worker in Youngstown, Ohio, a entrepreneur/bio-fuels evangelist in North Carolina, a D.C. insider, and a Silicon Valley innovator. These profiles follow the progression of their protagonist from the late 70's to the present day. Each story is independent, but all share a common thread: as the institutions that provided security to Americans following the New Deal and into the 70's started to fall apart, each person is forced to deal with their new found freedom. Some thrive, while others struggle to survive.

    Interspersed in these longer narratives are shorter profiles of key players in the unwinding, from Newt Gingrich and Andrew Breitbart to Oprah Winfrey and Jay-Z. As he skips ahead in years, each new section is foreshadowed by a collage of words - snippets of movie and music quotes and headlines from newspapers - that Packer uses to expertly capture the mood of each year.

    The genius of this book is that Packer doesn't tell you what to think. Instead, he presents indisputable facts by way of the stories of real people to show both sides of this "unwinding." At the end, you can draw your own conclusions. Packer is simply using his amazing powers of shaping narratives to capture this unique time of upheaval in America. It's easy to lose track of the drastic changes that have taken place over the last few decades unless you read a book like this, which captures the transformation of American institutions to American individualism. If you are liberal and mourn the loss of these institutions, Packer will force you to consider the opening of opportunities that came with these losses. If you're conservative and applaud the rise of the rugged individual, he will also make you recognize the price some people have paid due to the loss of security.

    I would recommend this book to anyone that sees the change that has happened in the U.S. Although it is never stated, I think Packer is asking his readers a seemingly simple question: what does it mean to be an American, and what do we want this country to be? Is the price of freedom the loss of the common bonds that kept us all together, or is the overriding right to be free paramount to all else? I can guarantee that anyone who finishes this book will have a lot to think about and will have enjoyed reading these profiles.
    679 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

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  • Fat Bill
    5.0 out of 5 stars Great book
    Reviewed in France on May 9, 2018
    I more than enjoyed reading this book, I recommend it to anyone interested in social evolutions, politics, or the United States by and large. A great book.
    Report
  • Spee
    5.0 out of 5 stars Everybody needs to read this book
    Reviewed in the Netherlands on November 14, 2016
    Lays bare the whole structure of power and the bypassing of large parts of the population, a must read for everyone!
  • Ian Gavaghan
    5.0 out of 5 stars Highly Readable, and stylistic account of the decline of the American Economy
    Reviewed in Canada on July 11, 2013
    Mr. Packer has written a book which gathers together the stories of individuals at home in the American economy: at the bottom and at the top, in the east and west, and uses those stories to show how the economy fell apart.

    It isn't a new story: ineffectual regulatory oversight, individual greed and globalization creates a polarization of wealth, where the top 1% end up owning 70% of the wealth in America. The middle class, historically reliant upon manufacturing, disappears as the main driver of capitalism becomes cost reduction, and manufacturing disappears.

    It may not be new, but Mr. Packer achieves a freshness and originality by retelling it from the perspective of the individual. People participating in their daily lives, often unaware of, and sometimes contributing to, the forces swirling around them that are shaping their destiny and ultimately undermining their future.

    Mr. Packer appears to have adopted John Dos Passos' style from the USA trilogy Dos Passos wrote after World War I, using individual stories, which occasionally interlink, together with short biographies of more well-known people (Newt Gingrich, for example), and collections of headlines and quotes from other news sources, to paint a picture of the era. The lessons he wants us to learn tumble effortlessly from the stories, as their overall impact accumulates.

    I really enjoyed this book and would highly recommend it.
  • Oparazzo
    5.0 out of 5 stars Land of the way too free
    Reviewed in Germany on July 28, 2014
    George Packer erzählt von einer Nation im Umbruch. In nüchternen, unaufgeregten Sätzen beschreibt er den Wandel einer Solidargemeinschaft zu einer Gesellschaft, in der jeder auf sich selbst gestellt ist. Er beschreibt, was es bedeutet, wenn das Geld nicht mehr in Firmen verdient wird, die tatsächlich Werte erzeugen, indem sie etwas produzieren, sondern in Banken, Anwaltskanzleien und anderen "Dienstleistern", deren Gewinne stets gleichzusetzen sind mit den Verlusten anderer - nicht selten ihrer eigenen Kunden und Geschäftspartner. Und er beschreibt, was es bedeutet, wenn der Begriff der Freiheit missbraucht wird für eine Politik der reinen Verweigerung, in der es stets um die Macht und nie um die Sache geht.

    Das Schöne an Packers Analyse ist die Abwesenheit jeglicher Polemik. Er lässt die Tatsachen für sich sprechen, und die Tatsachen sind in diesem Fall die Schicksale von Menschen, die diesen Umbruch durchlebt haben. Und es sind beileibe nicht nur Opfer - viele haben (ich bitte diese inzwischen furchtbar abgenutzte Formulierung zu entschuldigen) den Wandel als Chance genutzt, oder haben es zumindest versucht. Aber das hat schließlich auch dazu beigetragen, dass die Vermögensverteilung immer grotesker auseinanderklafft.

    Interessanterweise macht Packer diesen Umbruch aber auch an Industrien fest, denen man nicht unbedingt nachweint: Dem Tabakanbau, der Stahlindustrie mit ihrer katastrophalen Umweltverschmutzung, oder den Autozulieferern mit ihren beinahe ausbeuterischen Arbeitsbedingungen. So überlässt er es dem Leser, zu seinen eigenen Schlussfolgerungen zu gelangen, auch wenn unterm Strich nicht zu verkennen ist, auf wessen Seite er steht.

    Das zeigen auch die kurzen Biographien von großen Movern und Shakern, die Packer immer wieder einstreut und in denen wir einige interessante Blicke hinter die Fassaden tun dürfen: Newt Gingrich, Colin Powell, Sam Walton, Oprah Winfrey oder Jay Z, um nur einige zu nennen, bekommen alle ihre Portion Fett weg, der eine mehr, der andere weniger, meistens aber mehr.

    "The Unwinding" ist eine äußerst bemerkenswerte Bestandsaufnahme der amerikanischen Gesellschaft, die den Leser ständigen Wechselbädern zwischen Resignation und Hoffnung unterzieht. Inwieweit wir damit auch einen Blick in die Zukunft Europas tun, möchte ich aber lieber dahingestellt sein lassen. Allein die Tatsache, dass diesseits des Atlantiks der Solidargedanke spürbar lebendiger ist, lässt mich nämlich ein wenig hoffen.
  • Mark Meynell
    5.0 out of 5 stars All is not well... in the state of Denmark - a VITAL articulation of a genuine American malaise
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on July 4, 2013
    America is a country I've grown to love (or at least certainly the bits I've visited). And as Bono has said more than once (perhaps explaining why he's never forsaken his Irish roots despite his love for the US): Ireland's a great country, but America is a great idea.

    But like all idealism, it often gets dislocated from reality. Patriotic fervour blinds us to the margins and the dispossessed. Which is why New Yorker staff-writer George Packer's new book is so extraordinary. The Unwinding: An Inner history of the New America is nothing short of a masterpiece. The prose is superlative: understated, humane, at times even lyrical. The subject-matter is dealt with great sensitivity and non-partisanship. There are no political sideswipes here. He is merely trying to hold up a mirror. This is more a careful diagnosis of a country that is greatly loved but for which is there is great (and justifiable) concern. For what is happening to the great American idea when such contrasting bandwagons as Occupy and the Tea Party have gained such traction? How did the Credit Crunch and the sub-prime mortgage scandal come about; what has happened to the much touted American sense of optimism? Why do the big institutions like the federal government, banks, media and the legal system all seem to be failing those who need them most?

    Packer artfully manages to take the nation's temperature by means of a handful of individuals, whose stories from the last 30 years he tells through the book. They are well-chosen: a small-business entrepreneur in North Carolina; a newspaper reporter in Tampa, Florida; an African-American single mother in the Rust Belt; an Indian immigrant struggling to keep her motel franchise afloat; a DC beltway insider who has been lawyer, Wall St drone, on Joe Biden's senate staff, successful lobbyist; a key player in Silicon Valley. These stories are leitmotifs, around which Packer weaves thumbnail sketches of iconic figures in recent American history like Newt Gingrich, Oprah Winfrey, Sam 'Walmart' Walton and short story writer Raymond Carver.

    His thesis is striking for its moderation, in a way. He doesn't detect a total collapse, as more histrionic or irresponsible journalists might. He simply calls it an 'unwinding', something which has happened from time to time in American history, and from which the country has often bounced back. But left unaddressed, the genuine grievances articulated here will lead to a problem far more serious than a mere unwinding.
    "When the norms that made the old institutions useful began to unwind, and the leaders abandoned their posts, the Roosevelt Republic that had reigned for almost half a century came undone. The void was filled by the default force in American life, organized money. ... The unwinding is nothing new. There have been unwindings every generation or two." (p3)

    Drawing on conversations with silicon valley billionaire Peter Thiel, there is an interesting point about the 2012 presidential election:
    "President Obama probably believed that there wasn't much to be done about decline except manage it, but he couldn't give another `malaise' speech (after what happened to Jimmy Carter, no one ever would again), so his picture of the future remained strangely empty. Both Obama and Romney ended up in the wrong place: the former thought American exceptionalism was no longer true and should be given up while the latter thought it was still true. Neither was willing to tell Americans that they were no longer exceptional but should try to be again." (p385)

    For foreigners like me, the notion of American exceptionalism is a tricky one. I can't help but be reminded of the jingoistic pride of British imperialism 100 years ago. I say this with what I hope is sensitivity, but to consider one's country as the best in every way is both fallacious and idolatrous. It is of course totally different to aspire to be great as a country, but one has to be very careful to choose the right criteria for measuring that greatness. Having the world's biggest defence budget or largest economy might not be the best yardsticks, especially when there are such significant problems as personified by the testimonies recounted in this book. Again the libertarian-minded Peter Thiel has a challenging warning:
    "In the history of the modern world, inequality has only been ended through communist revolution, war, or deflationary economic collapse. It's a disturbing question which of these three is going to happen today, or if there's a fourth way out."(p372)

    For all our sakes, but especially for those trapped at the bottom of a deeply divided society (and therefore a long way from experiencing true American liberty), let us hope there can now be a rewinding.