For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, November 8, 2016	USDL-16-2128

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                         JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2016

The number of job openings was little changed at 5.5 million on the last business day of September, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires edged down to 5.1 million and total separations 
was little changed at 4.9 million. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.1 percent and the 
layoffs and discharges rate decreased to 1.0 percent. This release includes estimates of the number and 
rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four geographic 
regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of September, there were 5.5 million job openings, little changed from August. 
The job openings rate was 3.7 percent in September. The number of job openings was little changed for 
total private and for government. Job openings was also little changed in all industries and regions. (See 
table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires edged down to 5.1 million in September (-187,000). The hires rate was 3.5 percent. 
The number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires decreased in arts, 
entertainment, and recreation (-63,000) and was little changed in all other industries. The number of 
hires decreased in the Northeast region (-108,000) and was little changed in all other regions. (See table 
2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 4.9 million total separations in September, little changed from August. The total 
separations rate in September was 3.4 percent. The number of total separations was essentially 
unchanged for total private and for government. Total separations increased in transportation, 
warehousing, and utilities (+50,000) and decreased in arts, entertainment, and recreation (-55,000). The 
number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in September at 3.1 million. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. Over 
the month, the number of quits was little changed for total private, and increased for government 
(+36,000). Quits increased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+43,000), state and local 
government, excluding education (+25,000), information (+15,000), and state and local government 
education (+10,000). Quits decreased in other services (-37,000). The number of quits was little changed 
in all four regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.5 million layoffs and discharges in September, a decrease of 218,000 from August. The 
layoffs and discharges rate decreased to 1.0 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased for 
total private (-186,000) and for government (-31,000). The layoffs and discharges level decreased in 
health care and social assistance (-61,000), arts, entertainment, and recreation (-60,000), state and local 
government education (-23,000), and mining and logging (-5,000). The number of layoffs and 
discharges decreased in the South region (-105,000). (See table 5.)

In September, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and 
government. Other separations decreased in mining and logging (-3,000). The number of other 
separations was little changed in all other industries and in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in September, hires totaled 62.7 million 
and separations totaled 60.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.6 million. These totals 
include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for October 2016 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, December 7, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	5,360	5,453	5,486	5,131	5,268	5,081	4,956	5,052	4,914
Total private	4,880	4,941	4,987	4,806	4,888	4,716	4,633	4,696	4,552
Mining and logging(1)	17	11	17	25	31	28	34	31	24
Construction(1)	104	192	221	324	337	310	316	327	291
Manufacturing	312	326	334	279	274	269	272	268	268
Durable goods(1)	191	185	205	175	152	159	168	157	162
Nondurable goods(1)	120	141	130	104	122	110	103	111	106
Trade, transportation, and utilities	954	997	978	1,060	1,091	1,100	1,022	1,009	1,040
Wholesale trade(1)	163	160	163	133	160	137	124	147	120
Retail trade	623	628	636	744	752	771	718	707	714
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	169	208	180	183	179	191	180	156	206
Information(1)	110	83	94	83	71	72	81	72	77
Financial activities	313	332	354	188	192	173	186	186	169
Finance and insurance	269	253	259	117	133	114	114	123	112
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	44	79	95	71	59	59	73	63	57
Professional and business services	1,111	1,022	1,055	1,058	1,072	1,077	1,012	1,008	1,009
Education and health services	1,080	1,041	1,063	610	634	592	542	595	555
Educational services(1)	92	95	97	80	92	81	66	85	74
Health care and social assistance	989	946	967	529	543	511	476	510	481
Leisure and hospitality	706	749	701	961	1,005	908	938	988	925
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	50	74	64	141	174	111	139	193	138
Accommodation and food services	656	675	637	820	831	797	799	795	787
Other services(1)	173	189	168	217	180	187	231	211	194
Government	480	511	499	325	380	365	323	357	362
Federal(1)	55	88	93	33	40	39	35	37	37
State and local	424	424	406	292	339	327	288	320	325
State and local education	150	147	139	139	160	165	151	162	150
State and local, excluding education(1)	274	276	267	153	180	162	137	157	174
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.4
Total private	3.9	3.9	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.7
Mining and logging(1)	2.1	1.6	2.5	3.2	4.6	4.1	4.3	4.6	3.5
Construction(1)	1.6	2.8	3.2	5.0	5.1	4.6	4.9	4.9	4.4
Manufacturing	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2
Durable goods(1)	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1
Nondurable goods(1)	2.6	3.0	2.7	2.3	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.8	3.7	3.8
Wholesale trade(1)	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.7	2.3	2.1	2.5	2.0
Retail trade	3.8	3.8	3.8	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.4	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	3.0	3.7	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.3	2.8	3.8
Information(1)	3.8	2.9	3.3	3.0	2.6	2.6	2.9	2.6	2.8
Financial activities	3.7	3.8	4.1	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.0
Finance and insurance	4.2	3.9	4.0	1.9	2.2	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	2.1	3.5	4.2	3.4	2.8	2.7	3.5	2.9	2.7
Professional and business services	5.3	4.8	4.9	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.1	5.0	5.0
Education and health services	4.6	4.4	4.5	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.4
Educational services(1)	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.6	2.3	1.9	2.4	2.1
Health care and social assistance	5.0	4.7	4.8	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	4.4	4.6	4.3	6.3	6.5	5.8	6.2	6.4	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2.3	3.2	2.8	6.5	7.7	5.0	6.4	8.6	6.2
Accommodation and food services	4.8	4.8	4.6	6.3	6.2	6.0	6.1	6.0	5.9
Other services(1)	3.0	3.2	2.9	3.9	3.2	3.3	4.1	3.7	3.4
Government	2.1	2.3	2.2	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6
Federal(1)	2.0	3.0	3.2	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3
State and local	2.2	2.1	2.1	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.7
State and local education	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.5
State and local, excluding education(1)	2.9	3.0	2.9	1.7	2.0	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.9
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)
Total	5,360	5,514	5,643	5,831	5,453	5,486	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,880	4,986	5,115	5,284	4,941	4,987	3.9	3.9	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.9
Mining and logging(3)	17	11	12	13	11	17	2.1	1.5	1.8	1.8	1.6	2.5
Construction(3)	104	193	187	225	192	221	1.6	2.8	2.7	3.3	2.8	3.2
Manufacturing	312	350	361	379	326	334	2.5	2.8	2.8	3.0	2.6	2.7
Durable goods(3)	191	180	200	223	185	205	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.8	2.4	2.6
Nondurable goods(3)	120	170	160	156	141	130	2.6	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.0	2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	954	970	986	1,046	997	978	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.7	3.5	3.4
Wholesale trade(3)	163	162	182	177	160	163	2.7	2.7	3.0	2.9	2.6	2.7
Retail trade	623	605	588	623	628	636	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.8	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	169	202	217	246	208	180	3.0	3.6	3.8	4.3	3.7	3.2
Information(3)	110	95	94	80	83	94	3.8	3.3	3.3	2.8	2.9	3.3
Financial activities	313	305	314	318	332	354	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.8	4.1
Finance and insurance	269	249	232	240	253	259	4.2	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.9	4.0
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	44	56	82	78	79	95	2.1	2.5	3.7	3.5	3.5	4.2
Professional and business services	1,111	1,032	1,104	1,212	1,022	1,055	5.3	4.9	5.2	5.6	4.8	4.9
Education and health services	1,080	1,073	1,127	1,073	1,041	1,063	4.6	4.5	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.5
Educational services(3)	92	87	102	103	95	97	2.6	2.4	2.8	2.8	2.6	2.7
Health care and social assistance	989	985	1,025	970	946	967	5.0	4.9	5.1	4.8	4.7	4.8
Leisure and hospitality	706	791	741	747	749	701	4.4	4.9	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	50	87	91	94	74	64	2.3	3.8	3.9	4.0	3.2	2.8
Accommodation and food services	656	704	651	653	675	637	4.8	5.1	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.6
Other services(3)	173	167	188	191	189	168	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.3	3.2	2.9
Government	480	528	527	546	511	499	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.2
Federal(3)	55	93	86	90	88	93	2.0	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.2
State and local	424	435	441	457	424	406	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.1
State and local education	150	144	139	164	147	139	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3
State and local, excluding education(3)	274	291	302	292	276	267	2.9	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.0	2.9
REGION(4)
Northeast	896	966	928	983	944	991	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.6
South	2,015	1,995	2,166	2,119	1,961	2,042	3.7	3.7	4.0	3.9	3.6	3.7
Midwest	1,218	1,243	1,275	1,333	1,223	1,189	3.7	3.7	3.8	4.0	3.6	3.5
West	1,232	1,310	1,273	1,396	1,324	1,263	3.7	3.9	3.7	4.1	3.9	3.7
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)
Total	5,131	5,047	5,172	5,258	5,268	5,081	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,806	4,695	4,814	4,889	4,888	4,716	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.8
Mining and logging	25	20	23	23	31	28	3.2	2.9	3.4	3.4	4.6	4.1
Construction	324	325	281	328	337	310	5.0	4.9	4.2	4.9	5.1	4.6
Manufacturing	279	268	281	276	274	269	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2
Durable goods	175	160	161	163	152	159	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.1
Nondurable goods	104	108	119	113	122	110	2.3	2.3	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,060	1,019	1,038	1,059	1,091	1,100	3.9	3.7	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.0
Wholesale trade	133	142	144	135	160	137	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.7	2.3
Retail trade	744	710	719	750	752	771	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.7	4.7	4.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	183	167	175	174	179	191	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.5
Information	83	69	76	77	71	72	3.0	2.5	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.6
Financial activities	188	192	197	183	192	173	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.1
Finance and insurance	117	130	130	118	133	114	1.9	2.1	2.1	1.9	2.2	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	71	62	67	65	59	59	3.4	2.9	3.1	3.0	2.8	2.7
Professional and business services	1,058	987	1,003	1,162	1,072	1,077	5.3	4.9	5.0	5.7	5.3	5.3
Education and health services	610	644	654	626	634	592	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.6
Educational services	80	102	96	84	92	81	2.3	2.9	2.7	2.4	2.6	2.3
Health care and social assistance	529	541	558	542	543	511	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	961	986	1,024	1,001	1,005	908	6.3	6.4	6.6	6.4	6.5	5.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	141	146	180	160	174	111	6.5	6.6	8.0	7.1	7.7	5.0
Accommodation and food services	820	840	844	840	831	797	6.3	6.3	6.4	6.3	6.2	6.0
Other services	217	187	238	156	180	187	3.9	3.3	4.2	2.7	3.2	3.3
Government	325	352	358	368	380	365	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.6
Federal	33	41	38	41	40	39	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4
State and local	292	311	320	328	339	327	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
State and local education	139	160	163	168	160	165	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6
State and local, excluding education	153	151	156	159	180	162	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.8	2.0	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	814	777	859	805	895	787	3.1	2.9	3.2	3.0	3.3	2.9
South	2,033	1,907	1,889	2,056	2,002	1,984	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.8
Midwest	1,122	1,152	1,187	1,187	1,182	1,139	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.5
West	1,162	1,211	1,237	1,210	1,189	1,171	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.6
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)
Total	4,956	4,978	4,964	4,991	5,052	4,914	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,633	4,642	4,612	4,665	4,696	4,552	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.7
Mining and logging	34	26	28	25	31	24	4.3	3.7	4.0	3.7	4.6	3.5
Construction	316	338	293	294	327	291	4.9	5.1	4.4	4.4	4.9	4.4
Manufacturing	272	294	264	263	268	268	2.2	2.4	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.2
Durable goods	168	183	160	160	157	162	2.2	2.4	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1
Nondurable goods	103	111	103	103	111	106	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,022	1,010	1,047	1,068	1,009	1,040	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.8
Wholesale trade	124	132	138	146	147	120	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.0
Retail trade	718	706	711	750	707	714	4.6	4.4	4.5	4.7	4.4	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	180	173	198	172	156	206	3.3	3.2	3.6	3.1	2.8	3.8
Information	81	75	68	81	72	77	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.9	2.6	2.8
Financial activities	186	186	177	173	186	169	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.0
Finance and insurance	114	126	118	107	123	112	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.7	2.0	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	73	60	58	66	63	57	3.5	2.8	2.7	3.1	2.9	2.7
Professional and business services	1,012	966	943	1,045	1,008	1,009	5.1	4.8	4.7	5.2	5.0	5.0
Education and health services	542	593	618	584	595	555	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.4
Educational services	66	92	102	93	85	74	1.9	2.6	2.9	2.6	2.4	2.1
Health care and social assistance	476	501	517	491	510	481	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	938	969	950	944	988	925	6.2	6.3	6.1	6.1	6.4	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	139	155	155	140	193	138	6.4	7.0	6.9	6.2	8.6	6.2
Accommodation and food services	799	815	795	804	795	787	6.1	6.2	6.0	6.1	6.0	5.9
Other services	231	184	224	188	211	194	4.1	3.2	3.9	3.3	3.7	3.4
Government	323	335	352	326	357	362	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6
Federal	35	32	34	36	37	37	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.3
State and local	288	303	317	289	320	325	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.7
State and local education	151	146	164	132	162	150	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.3	1.6	1.5
State and local, excluding education	137	157	153	158	157	174	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	785	749	787	848	876	807	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.2	3.3	3.0
South	1,967	1,946	1,885	2,003	1,960	1,894	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.6
Midwest	1,061	1,139	1,115	1,068	1,052	1,030	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.2
West	1,143	1,143	1,176	1,072	1,164	1,183	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.6
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)
Total	2,748	2,942	2,979	2,977	3,009	3,070	1.9	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,601	2,775	2,785	2,807	2,847	2,873	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
Mining and logging	15	12	13	12	13	14	2.0	1.7	2.0	1.8	1.9	2.1
Construction	133	120	110	128	137	115	2.1	1.8	1.7	1.9	2.1	1.7
Manufacturing	144	142	136	143	140	147	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2
Durable goods	88	80	77	80	76	85	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1
Nondurable goods	57	62	59	63	64	62	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	620	623	649	653	651	677	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.5
Wholesale trade	83	67	89	95	90	76	1.4	1.1	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.3
Retail trade	446	462	459	467	475	473	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	90	94	101	90	85	128	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.6	1.6	2.3
Information	43	36	36	40	38	53	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.9
Financial activities	97	112	103	100	105	87	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.0
Finance and insurance	61	74	71	63	68	57	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.1	0.9
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	36	38	32	37	37	30	1.7	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.4
Professional and business services	486	547	542	565	598	601	2.5	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.9	3.0
Education and health services	342	405	410	398	375	389	1.5	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.6	1.7
Educational services	35	53	51	51	51	43	1.0	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.2
Health care and social assistance	308	352	359	347	324	346	1.6	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.8
Leisure and hospitality	608	678	645	635	639	675	4.0	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	55	65	58	63	63	70	2.5	3.0	2.6	2.8	2.8	3.1
Accommodation and food services	552	612	587	573	576	605	4.2	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.5
Other services(3)	114	100	140	133	150	113	2.0	1.8	2.5	2.3	2.6	2.0
Government	147	168	194	170	162	198	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.9
Federal	12	11	13	13	13	13	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local	134	156	181	156	149	184	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	1.0
State and local education	72	70	96	69	76	86	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.8
State and local, excluding education	62	86	85	87	73	98	0.7	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.8	1.1
REGION(4)
Northeast	393	394	407	442	433	432	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6
South	1,126	1,197	1,199	1,206	1,214	1,248	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.4
Midwest	621	691	660	644	625	631	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.9
West	608	661	713	685	737	759	1.9	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.3
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)
Total	1,842	1,701	1,622	1,639	1,692	1,474	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,737	1,594	1,529	1,542	1,557	1,371	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.1
Mining and logging(3)	15	10	11	8	13	8	1.9	1.4	1.6	1.1	1.9	1.1
Construction	175	204	168	146	171	158	2.7	3.1	2.5	2.2	2.6	2.4
Manufacturing	108	131	106	95	110	98	0.9	1.1	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8
Durable goods	67	92	70	64	70	63	0.9	1.2	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8
Nondurable goods	41	39	36	32	40	36	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	301	301	311	331	276	280	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.0
Wholesale trade(3)	25	59	37	40	48	34	0.4	1.0	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.6
Retail trade	204	177	189	222	175	188	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.4	1.1	1.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	72	65	85	68	54	58	1.3	1.2	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.1
Information	26	30	24	30	24	15	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.1	0.9	0.5
Financial activities	73	53	51	47	51	54	0.9	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7
Finance and insurance	40	36	30	24	32	32	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	33	17	20	23	18	22	1.6	0.8	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.0
Professional and business services	471	368	340	413	358	348	2.4	1.8	1.7	2.0	1.8	1.7
Education and health services	152	157	167	140	179	118	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.5
Educational services	25	33	37	34	26	26	0.7	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.7	0.7
Health care and social assistance	128	123	130	106	153	92	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	303	261	281	278	317	215	2.0	1.7	1.8	1.8	2.0	1.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	80	84	95	76	125	65	3.6	3.8	4.2	3.3	5.5	2.9
Accommodation and food services	224	177	186	203	192	151	1.7	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.1
Other services	112	80	71	54	58	75	2.0	1.4	1.3	1.0	1.0	1.3
Government	106	107	93	97	134	103	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.5
Federal	8	11	11	12	13	13	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5
State and local	98	97	83	85	122	90	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.5
State and local education	50	49	42	42	64	41	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.4
State and local, excluding education	48	47	41	43	58	49	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5
REGION(4)
Northeast	323	307	328	337	372	304	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.1
South	689	615	539	644	601	496	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.1	0.9
Midwest	379	372	383	354	356	326	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.0
West	451	408	372	304	362	347	1.4	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.1
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)
Total	365	334	363	375	351	370	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	295	274	298	316	291	309	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mining and logging	3	5	3	5	5	2	0.4	0.7	0.5	0.8	0.7	0.3
Construction(3)	8	15	15	21	19	18	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Manufacturing	19	21	22	24	18	22	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	13	11	13	16	11	14	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods(3)	6	10	8	8	7	8	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	101	87	87	84	82	82	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wholesale trade	15	6	12	10	9	10	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	68	68	63	60	57	53	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	18	13	12	14	16	19	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.4
Information(3)	12	9	9	11	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4
Financial activities	17	21	23	26	31	28	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	13	16	17	19	23	23	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	4	5	6	7	7	5	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Professional and business services	55	51	61	67	52	59	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	47	31	42	46	40	48	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services(3)	7	6	14	9	7	5	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health care and social assistance(3)	40	26	28	38	33	42	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	27	31	24	31	32	34	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	4	5	2	2	5	3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Accommodation and food services(3)	23	26	22	29	27	31	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services(3)	5	4	13	1	3	6	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.1
Government	70	60	65	59	60	61	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	15	10	11	11	11	11	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	55	50	54	47	49	50	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
State and local education	29	27	27	20	22	24	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	27	23	27	27	27	27	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(4)
Northeast	69	48	53	69	71	70	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
South	151	134	147	153	145	149	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Midwest	61	77	72	70	70	73	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	84	75	91	83	65	78	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)
Total	5,343	5,564	5,445	3.6	3.7	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,873	5,028	4,952	3.9	3.9	3.9
Mining and logging	17	11	17	2.1	1.5	2.5
Construction	104	192	221	1.5	2.7	3.1
Manufacturing	312	326	334	2.5	2.6	2.6
Durable goods	191	185	205	2.4	2.3	2.6
Nondurable goods	120	141	130	2.5	2.9	2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,028	1,041	1,047	3.7	3.7	3.7
Wholesale trade	163	160	163	2.7	2.6	2.7
Retail trade	697	673	705	4.3	4.0	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	169	208	180	3.0	3.7	3.2
Information	110	83	94	3.8	2.9	3.3
Financial activities	305	323	348	3.6	3.7	4.0
Finance and insurance	261	244	253	4.1	3.8	3.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	44	79	95	2.1	3.5	4.2
Professional and business services	1,075	1,021	1,013	5.1	4.8	4.7
Education and health services	1,060	1,058	1,047	4.6	4.5	4.4
Educational services	92	95	97	2.6	2.9	2.7
Health care and social assistance	969	963	950	4.9	4.8	4.7
Leisure and hospitality	689	784	661	4.3	4.6	4.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	41	84	47	1.8	3.2	2.0
Accommodation and food services	648	700	615	4.7	4.9	4.4
Other services	173	189	168	3.0	3.2	2.9
Government	470	536	494	2.1	2.5	2.2
Federal	55	88	93	2.0	3.0	3.2
State and local	415	449	401	2.1	2.4	2.0
State and local education	141	172	134	1.4	1.9	1.3
State and local, excluding education	274	276	267	3.0	2.9	2.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	896	1,002	1,009	3.3	3.6	3.6
South	1,990	1,946	2,013	3.7	3.6	3.7
Midwest	1,244	1,267	1,189	3.8	3.8	3.5
West	1,213	1,349	1,235	3.6	3.9	3.6
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)
Total	5,273	5,853	5,186	3.7	4.1	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,872	5,202	4,743	4.0	4.2	3.9
Mining and logging	24	31	28	3.0	4.5	4.0
Construction	308	335	284	4.6	4.8	4.1
Manufacturing	286	295	277	2.3	2.4	2.3
Durable goods	174	162	160	2.2	2.1	2.1
Nondurable goods	112	133	117	2.4	2.9	2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,041	1,123	1,102	3.9	4.1	4.0
Wholesale trade	139	161	140	2.4	2.7	2.4
Retail trade	712	781	748	4.6	4.9	4.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	191	181	213	3.5	3.3	3.9
Information	78	71	67	2.8	2.6	2.4
Financial activities	186	193	165	2.3	2.3	2.0
Finance and insurance	114	133	108	1.9	2.2	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	72	60	57	3.4	2.7	2.7
Professional and business services	1,026	1,100	1,041	5.2	5.4	5.1
Education and health services	714	819	679	3.2	3.7	3.0
Educational services	146	178	140	4.3	5.5	4.0
Health care and social assistance	569	642	539	3.0	3.3	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	983	1,071	906	6.4	6.6	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	132	139	101	5.9	5.5	4.4
Accommodation and food services	851	932	805	6.5	6.8	6.0
Other services	225	163	195	4.0	2.8	3.4
Government	401	652	443	1.8	3.1	2.0
Federal	32	39	36	1.2	1.4	1.3
State and local	369	613	407	1.9	3.3	2.1
State and local education	238	445	270	2.3	4.9	2.6
State and local, excluding education	131	168	138	1.5	1.8	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	932	933	885	3.5	3.5	3.3
South	2,003	2,321	1,960	3.9	4.4	3.7
Midwest	1,118	1,303	1,128	3.5	4.0	3.5
West	1,221	1,296	1,213	3.8	3.9	3.7
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)
Total	5,341	6,105	5,238	3.7	4.2	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,978	5,584	4,823	4.1	4.5	3.9
Mining and logging	36	34	26	4.5	5.0	3.8
Construction	320	370	286	4.8	5.3	4.2
Manufacturing	300	344	293	2.4	2.8	2.4
Durable goods	181	201	172	2.3	2.6	2.2
Nondurable goods	120	142	121	2.6	3.1	2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,013	1,151	1,040	3.8	4.2	3.8
Wholesale trade	132	164	125	2.2	2.7	2.1
Retail trade	710	827	708	4.6	5.2	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	171	160	206	3.1	2.9	3.8
Information	80	82	76	2.9	2.9	2.8
Financial activities	180	224	163	2.2	2.7	2.0
Finance and insurance	111	158	106	1.8	2.6	1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	69	65	57	3.3	3.0	2.6
Professional and business services	1,020	1,139	1,003	5.1	5.6	4.9
Education and health services	574	731	570	2.6	3.3	2.5
Educational services	73	137	74	2.2	4.3	2.1
Health care and social assistance	501	593	496	2.7	3.1	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	1,199	1,273	1,145	7.8	7.8	7.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	257	269	240	11.5	10.6	10.4
Accommodation and food services	942	1,003	905	7.2	7.3	6.7
Other services	256	237	219	4.6	4.1	3.8
Government	363	521	415	1.7	2.5	1.9
Federal	37	40	39	1.3	1.4	1.4
State and local	326	481	376	1.7	2.6	1.9
State and local education	131	231	133	1.3	2.6	1.3
State and local, excluding education	195	249	243	2.2	2.7	2.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	950	1,106	959	3.6	4.1	3.6
South	2,015	2,360	1,930	3.9	4.5	3.7
Midwest	1,159	1,308	1,093	3.6	4.1	3.4
West	1,217	1,331	1,256	3.8	4.0	3.8
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)
Total	2,929	3,851	3,270	2.1	2.7	2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,776	3,595	3,059	2.3	2.9	2.5
Mining and logging	17	17	17	2.2	2.5	2.5
Construction	140	187	117	2.1	2.7	1.7
Manufacturing	161	198	164	1.3	1.6	1.3
Durable goods	95	105	94	1.2	1.4	1.2
Nondurable goods	66	93	71	1.4	2.0	1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	662	811	727	2.5	3.0	2.7
Wholesale trade	92	106	80	1.6	1.8	1.3
Retail trade	478	603	508	3.1	3.8	3.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	92	102	139	1.7	1.9	2.5
Information	42	50	53	1.5	1.8	1.9
Financial activities	100	130	85	1.2	1.5	1.0
Finance and insurance	64	92	55	1.1	1.5	0.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	36	37	30	1.7	1.7	1.4
Professional and business services	481	726	597	2.4	3.6	2.9
Education and health services	361	478	402	1.6	2.1	1.8
Educational services	43	89	49	1.3	2.8	1.4
Health care and social assistance	318	389	354	1.7	2.0	1.8
Leisure and hospitality	699	848	784	4.5	5.2	5.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	77	113	99	3.4	4.4	4.3
Accommodation and food services	622	736	685	4.7	5.4	5.1
Other services	114	150	113	2.0	2.6	2.0
Government	153	256	211	0.7	1.2	1.0
Federal	14	18	14	0.5	0.6	0.5
State and local	140	238	197	0.7	1.3	1.0
State and local education	72	124	87	0.7	1.4	0.8
State and local, excluding education	68	113	111	0.8	1.2	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	464	587	511	1.8	2.2	1.9
South	1,153	1,528	1,282	2.2	2.9	2.4
Midwest	673	835	673	2.1	2.6	2.1
West	640	901	804	2.0	2.7	2.4
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)
Total	2,056	1,891	1,610	1.4	1.3	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,911	1,689	1,462	1.6	1.4	1.2
Mining and logging	15	13	8	1.9	1.9	1.1
Construction	172	164	151	2.6	2.4	2.2
Manufacturing	122	127	108	1.0	1.0	0.9
Durable goods	74	85	67	1.0	1.1	0.9
Nondurable goods	48	42	42	1.0	0.9	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	248	248	231	0.9	0.9	0.8
Wholesale trade	25	48	34	0.4	0.8	0.6
Retail trade	162	158	150	1.0	1.0	0.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	61	42	47	1.1	0.8	0.9
Information	25	22	14	0.9	0.8	0.5
Financial activities	64	63	51	0.8	0.7	0.6
Finance and insurance	35	42	29	0.6	0.7	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	29	21	22	1.4	0.9	1.0
Professional and business services	487	362	350	2.5	1.8	1.7
Education and health services	166	213	120	0.8	0.9	0.5
Educational services	23	41	21	0.7	1.3	0.6
Health care and social assistance	143	171	99	0.8	0.9	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	474	392	327	3.1	2.4	2.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	177	152	137	7.9	6.0	6.0
Accommodation and food services	297	241	190	2.3	1.8	1.4
Other services	138	85	100	2.5	1.5	1.8
Government	145	202	148	0.7	1.0	0.7
Federal	9	11	15	0.3	0.4	0.5
State and local	136	190	133	0.7	1.0	0.7
State and local education	36	80	28	0.4	0.9	0.3
State and local, excluding education	100	110	106	1.1	1.2	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	410	447	371	1.6	1.7	1.4
South	723	685	512	1.4	1.3	1.0
Midwest	426	394	348	1.3	1.2	1.1
West	497	365	378	1.5	1.1	1.1
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016(p)
Total	356	364	357	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	291	301	301	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	3	4	2	0.4	0.6	0.2
Construction	8	19	18	0.1	0.3	0.3
Manufacturing	18	18	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	11	11	12	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	6	7	8	0.1	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	103	92	81	0.4	0.3	0.3
Wholesale trade	15	10	12	0.3	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	70	65	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	18	16	19	0.3	0.3	0.4
Information	12	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Financial activities	16	31	27	0.2	0.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	12	24	23	0.2	0.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	4	7	5	0.2	0.3	0.2
Professional and business services	52	51	56	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	47	40	48	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	7	7	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health care and social assistance	40	33	42	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	27	32	34	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4	5	3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Accommodation and food services	23	27	31	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services	5	3	6	0.1	0.1	0.1
Government	65	63	56	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	15	10	11	0.5	0.4	0.4
State and local	50	53	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
State and local education	23	26	19	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local, excluding education	27	26	27	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	76	71	76	0.3	0.3	0.3
South	139	148	136	0.3	0.3	0.3
Midwest	60	79	72	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	81	66	73	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.