Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between obesity and wound complications after cesarean delivery.
Methods: A secondary cohort analysis of the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit Cesarean Registry. We stratified the exposure, maternal body mass index (BMI) at delivery, as not obese (BMI < 30), obese (BMI 30-45), and extremely obese (BMI > 45). Our primary outcome was wound complication composite of wound infection, endometritis, wound opening, seroma/hematoma, and hospital readmission. Our secondary outcomes included infection composite (wound infection and endometritis) and each individual outcome included in the primary composite. We performed unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression analyses.
Results: We included 38,229 women who underwent cesarean; 39% were not obese, 55% were obese, and 6% were extremely obese. In our cohort, 40% of women underwent repeat cesarean and 57% underwent cesarean after labor. Extremely obese women had increased risk for any wound complication (14%, adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-1.89), endometritis (8.3%, AOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.07-1.49), wound infection (2.0%, AOR, 3.77; 95% CI, 2.60-5.46), wound opening (0.8%, AOR, 5.47; 95% CI, 2.79-10.71), and wound infection-related hospital readmission (3.6%, AOR, 2.97; 95% CI, 2.26-3.91) compared with nonobese women. Obese women had increased risk for any wound complication (9.6%, AOR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06-1.23) and postcesarean infection (7.7%, AOR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.22) but not other outcomes.
Conclusion: In a large multicenter cohort study, we found that extreme obesity was associated with substantial increase in maternal postcesarean complications, and the association between obesity and postcesarean complications appears dose related. These findings validate associations found in single-center studies.
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