Prediction of the Omp16 Epitopes for development of an epitope based Vaccine against Brucellosis.

Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2018 Jul 09;:

Authors: Rezaei M, Rabbani-Khorasgani M, Zarkesh-Esfahani SH, Emamzadeh R, Abtahi H

Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by Brucella bacteria that cause disease in animals and humans. Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases transmitted animals -to-human through direct contact with infected animals and also consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. Due to wide incidence of brucellosis in Iran and economical costs in industry animal husbandry, Vaccination is best way to prevent of this disease. All of available commercial vaccines against brucellosis are derived from live attenuated strains of Brucella. But because of disadvantage of live attenuated vaccines, protective subunit vaccine against Brucella may be a good candidate for production of new recombinant vaccines based on Brucella outer membrane protein (OMP) antigens. In the present study, comprehensive bioinformatics analysis has been conducted on prediction software to predict T and B cell epitopes, the secondary and tertiary structures and antigenicity of Omp16 antigen and the validation of used software confirmed by experimental results. The final epitope prediction results have proposed that the three epitopes were predicted for the Omp16 protein with antigenicity ability. We hypothesized that these epitopes likely have protective capacity to stimulate both the B-cell and T-cell mediated immune responses and so may be effective as an immunogenic candidate for the development of an epitope-based vaccine against brucellosis.

PMID: 29984663 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Inter-Regional Differences in Travel Time to the Nearest Nursery for Children with Mild Acute Illness in Japan.

Tohoku J Exp Med. 2018;245(3):153-158

Authors: Ehara A

Abstract
Access to day-care services for children with mild acute illness is important for working parents, because infants and toddlers often suddenly become ill, and most Japanese nursery schools do not accept children with even mild illnesses. Actual travel time to nurseries providing such day-care services is one of the indicators for measuring accessibility. However, this variable has not been well analyzed in previous work. To clarify practical access to such nurseries, this study used a car navigation algorithm to calculate the percentage of the population of children in Japan who can access nurseries providing services for children with mild acute illnesses within 15 to 30 minutes and compared this with the proportion of children living within a linear distance of 10 km of such nurseries. Of the 4,987,706 children younger than 5 years in 2015, 51.7% lived in areas from which the nearest nursery for children with mild acute illness was accessible within 0-15 minutes by automobile. In addition, 81.5% lived within 0-30 minutes of such nurseries, and the same percentage (81.5%) lived within a linear distance of 10 km of such nurseries. Both calculation methods (travel time and linear distance) showed inter-regional differences in accessibility, and the proportion of children with access to these nurseries was higher in heavily populated regions (e.g., Kanto and Kinki) than in less populated regions (e.g., Hokkaido and Tohoku). Children and caregivers throughout Japan should have equal access to these nurseries, because the national government subsidizes such services.

PMID: 29984737 [PubMed - in process]

Oedème pulmonaire lésionnel par inhalation de vapeurs d’acide phosphorique traité par vni.

Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2017 Dec 31;30(4):278-280

Authors: Siah S, Nakkabi I

Abstract
White phosphorus injuries are considered both thermal and chemical burns. They should be well known, especially in military and terrorism contexts. This type of burn causes a life-threatening systemic toxicity from hypocalcemia, cardiac arrhythmia and respiratory complications by inhalation of phosphoric acid vapours. We report a case of a non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating a white phosphorus burn in a young serviceman.

PMID: 29983682 [PubMed]

Effect of thyroid shielding during mammography: measurements on phantom and patient as well as estimation with Monte Carlo simulation.

Eur Radiol Exp. 2018 Dec;2:14

Authors: Pyka M, Eschle P, Sommer C, Weyland MS, Kubik R, Scheidegger S

Abstract
Background: During mammography, the thyroid is exposed to scattered radiation from breast tissue and the device. This may increase the risk of radiation induced thyroid cancer.
Methods: We investigated the scatter radiation exposition of the thyroid and the effect of a tailored thyroid protection in phantom and patient as well as by using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The protective effect of a modified thyroid protection, the relevance of the protective effect and acceptance by patients have been investigated.
Results: Phantom and patient measurements provided higher values for the surface dose at thyroid position than expected from MCS (phantom 0.32 mGy; patients 0.38 mGy; MCS 0.16 mGy). Phantom measurements indicated scatter contributions from both breast tissue and collimator/tube system. The value found in our patient study is within the range of the literature (0.22-0.39 mGy). The thyroid protection significantly reduced the surface dose but the dose (0.016 mGy) was higher than that expected from the lead equivalent value. However, the impact of the collar to the effective dose was small (< 4%). The collar was not visible on mammograms.
Conclusions: Scatter from the collimator/tube system contributed with 50% to the thyroid dose. Due to the relative small fraction of dose deposited in the thyroid when compared to the mean glandular dose to the breast, a collar is not mandatory in general. Not being associated with the risk of obscuring parts of mammograms, such a collar may be used for young women considering their higher radio sensitivity.

PMID: 29984353 [PubMed]

Treatment outcomes of radiotherapy for anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Radiat Oncol J. 2018 Jun;36(2):103-113

Authors: Park JW, Choi SH, Yoon HI, Lee J, Kim TH, Kim JW, Lee IJ

Abstract
PURPOSE: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare tumor with a lethal clinical course despite aggressive multimodal therapy. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) may achieve a good therapeutic outcome in ATC patients, and the role of IMRT should be assessed. We retrospectively reviewed outcomes for ATC treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) or IMRT to determine the optimal treatment option and explore the role of radiotherapy (RT). Materials and.
METHODS: Between December 2000 and December 2015, 41 patients with pathologically proven ATC received RT with a sufficient dose of ≥40 Gy. Among them, 21 patients (51%) underwent surgery before RT. Twenty-eight patients received IMRT, and 13 received 3D-CRT. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), patterns of failure, and toxicity were examined.
RESULTS: The median follow-up time for survivors was 38.0 months. The median and 1-year OS and PFS rates were 7.2 months and 29%, 4.5 months and 15%, respectively. Surgery significantly improved the prognosis (median OS: 10.7 vs. 3.9 months, p = 0.001; median PFS: 5.9 vs. 2.5 months, p = 0.007). IMRT showed significantly better PFS and OS than 3D-CRT, even in multivariate analysis (OS: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.30, p = 0.005; PFS: HR = 0.33, p = 0.005). Significantly higher radiation dose could be delivered with IMRT than 3D-CRT (EQD210 66 vs. 60 Gy, p = 0.005). Only 2 patients had grade III dermatitis after IMRT. No other severe toxicity ≥grade III occurred.
CONCLUSION: Patients with ATC showed better prognosis through multimodal treatment. Furthermore, IMRT could achieve favorable survival rates by safely delivering higher dose than 3D-CRT.

PMID: 29983030 [PubMed]

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Head and Neck Myxoma Presenting as Isolated Laryngeal Polyp.

Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2018;2018:6868737

Authors: Panda S, Kumar R, Gopinath VR, Sagar P

Abstract
Myxoma is a benign tumour with a propensity for local infiltration and recurrence. Laryngeal myxoma presents as a submucosal polyp. Being an uncommon tumour and mimicking vocal cord polyp, only anecdotal evidence is available in the literature. The literature was reviewed from 1986 onwards using the keywords “myxoma” and “larynx.” The databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Along with this, we also report our case of vocal fold myxoma. We found a total of 19 studies reporting laryngeal myxoma. Laryngeal myxoma typically affects males in the 6th decade with a history of smoking. Unlike myxomas originating outside the larynx, recurrence is not widely described, and microlaryngeal surgery will usually suffice. Laryngeal myxomas should definitely be kept in the list of differential diagnosis when dealing with a benign-looking vocal fold lesion.

PMID: 29984026 [PubMed]

Related Articles

An Aerodigestive Approach to Laryngeal Clefts and Dysphagia Using Injection Laryngoplasty in Young Children.

Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2017 Nov 06;19(12):60

Authors: Miglani A, Schraff S, Clarke PY, Basharat U, Woodward P, Kang P, Stevens L, Woodward J, Williams H, Williams DI

Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Our objective is to summarize the presentation, diagnosis, and management of mild laryngeal clefts in children. We focus on deep interarytenoid notches (DIN), a subclassification of type 1 laryngeal clefts (LC1), and review the literature and our multidisciplinary experience utilizing injection laryngoplasty (IL).
RECENT FINDINGS: DIN is a mild form of LC1 and is considered a normal anatomical variant. Recent cohort studies demonstrate IL to be a safe, low-risk, and efficacious treatment of LC1, but few studies focus on DIN. We present results from two aerodigestive clinic (ADC) pilot studies at our institution, in patients 1-3 years old, with DIN-related dysphagia and aspiration (DA). Feeding, respiratory-related symptom scores, and aspiration/penetration assessed on modified barium swallow (MBS) significantly improved following combined IL and feeding therapy using a thickener weaning protocol (TWP). Subgroup analysis reveals combined IL and TWP to be particularly effective in patients with severe baseline DA. Multidisciplinary aerodigestive evaluation and management with IL and feeding therapy focused on weaning levels of thickener is emerging as a novel and effective approach for treatment of DIN-related DA in young children. Further comparative, prospective trials investigating effects of IL and feeding therapy are required to validate results.

PMID: 29105033 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Related Articles

Functional outcomes and quality of life after total laryngectomy with noncircumferential radial forearm free tissue transfer.

Head Neck. 2017 Nov;39(11):2319-2328

Authors: Graville DJ, Palmer AD, Chambers CM, Ottenstein L, Whalen B, Andersen PE, Wax MK, Cohen JI

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare long-term functional and quality of life (QOL) outcomes after total laryngectomy with primary closure and those who underwent reconstruction with noncircumferential radial free forearm tissue transfer (RFFTT).
METHODS: Sixty-seven patients were identified by chart review and underwent long-term follow-up using QOL surveys and standardized interviews.
RESULTS: The RFFTT group had significantly higher rates of chemotherapy, gastric tube (G-tube) at surgery, and postoperative stricture. At follow-up, most patients (88%) had a tracheoesophageal prosthesis (TEP) and were using it as their primary communication method. Diet and swallowing outcomes were comparable and no one had a G-tube. Device life and TEP complications did not differ significantly. Only voice-related QOL differed significantly between the RFFTT group and those who had undergone total laryngectomy without adjuvant treatment.
CONCLUSION: Despite more extensive treatment, the reconstructed group achieved comparable outcomes to those who had undergone total laryngectomy with adjuvant treatment.

PMID: 28837753 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]