How to Identify a Hobo Spider

Co-authored by Brandon Runyon

Last Updated: April 29, 2024 Approved

The hobo spider, also known as the “aggressive house spider”, was accidentally introduced to the Northwestern United States in the 1980s and can now be found in the Pacific Northwest and parts of Canada.^{[1]
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Research source} The bite of a hobo spider can be dangerous and serious, leading to health issues and a lesion around the bite area.^{[2]
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Research source} Hobo spiders are sometimes confused with the brown recluse spider, but you can check the coloring and size of the spider as well as the spider’s web and the spider’s bite to identify the spider correctly.

Part 1

Part 1 of 3:

Checking the Coloring and Size of the Spider

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Hobo spiders have a brown front body, where its legs, also brown, are attached. There are usually darker brown markings on its front body that can be seen if you examine the spider up close. You should also see a pattern of yellow markings on its lower body or abdomen area, though you may need a microscope or a magnifying glass to spot the yellow markings.
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Determine the size of the spider. Hobo spiders are often smaller than other spiders. Male hobo spiders can be 7-13.55 mm (9/32 - 9/16 in) long and female hobo spiders can be 9.5-16.5 mm (⅜-⅝ in) long. It may be helpful to compare the spider to a brown recluse spider to see if it appears smaller.
- Hobo spiders also have shorter legs than other spiders, with a leg span of less than two to three inches.^{[3]
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3
Use a magnifying glass or a microscope to examine the spider’s palpi. The more distinguishing features of a hobo spider can be seen better with a magnifying glass or a microscope. The smaller details on the spider’s body can help you determine if you are dealing with a hobo spider.
- Male hobo spiders will have two large palpi, one on each side of their head by their mouth, that may look like boxing gloves under a microscope. These palpi are the male genitalia and may appear swollen. Female hobo spiders also have palpi but they will not appear swollen.^{[4]
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- You should also look for fine, almost clear hairs called plumose setae on the spider’s body. You will need to use a strong hand lens or a microscope to see these hairs. They will lay flat on the spider’s body and be hard to see with the naked eye.
4
Confirm the spider is not another type of spider. Hobo spiders are often confused with brown recluse spiders and other spiders. However, you can identify several physical markers on the spider to confirm it is a hobo and not another type of spider.
- Check if the spider has spots on its sternum, which is the flat shield like section on the top of the spider, surrounded by its legs. If there are three or four light spots on the sternum, it is not a hobo spider.
- You should also look for two long, distinct stripes on the front part of its body, where its front legs are attached. If there are two long, distinct stripes, the spider is likely not a hobo spider. Hobo spiders have indistinct or diffused patterns on the front section of their bodies.
- Look for any legs that appear shiny, hairless, and dark-orange in color. These are all indications the spider is not a hobo spider.
- Unlike brown recluse spiders, hobo spiders do not have dark bands on their legs or a violin shaped pattern on their heads. Brown recluse spiders also do not have any markings on their abdomen, while hobo spiders do.

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Looking at the Spider’s Web

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Hobo spiders are not vertical climbers, so they will usually build their webs at ground level or below ground level in basements. If the web is located in a ground level or below ground spot, you may be looking at a hobo spider web.^{[5]
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Check if the web is shaped like a funnel. The hobo spider is a member of the funnel-web spider family. They use their long legs and running abilities to create webs that are funnel or tube shaped.
- These funnel shaped webs may be attached between two stationary objects at ground level, such as two planters or two tree branches. Sometimes, hobo spiders will also create webs under the siding of homes, in basements, and between plants or weeds.
- Unlike hobo spiders, brown recluse spiders do not build webs. So if you notice a funnel shaped web in the spider’s environment, you can rule out classifying the spider as a brown recluse.
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Note if the web is not sticky to the touch. Unlike other spiders, hobo spiders create non-sticky webs. The web will trip the prey and the hobo spider will attack the prey before it can escape.
- Hobo spiders have poor eyesight so they tend to be more aggressive to humans than to other spiders. Partly, hobo spiders are aggressive because if they do not attack, they could die of starvation.

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Examining the Bite of the Spider

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Most hobo spider bites feel painless at first. You may notice a small bite that appears red, like a mosquito bite. But within 24 hours, the bite will start to develop into a blister. Within 24-36 hours, the blister will break open, leaving an open, oozing wound. At this point, your body is reacting to the spider’s venom.
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Note if you develop a severe headache, nausea, or fatigue. The most common symptoms of a hobo spider bite are a severe headache, nausea, and fatigue. You may also experience temporary memory loss and vision impairment due to the bite. These symptoms will likely occur within 24-36 hours of the bite.^{[6]
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- If the hobo spider bite is not treated, you may have reoccurring side effects due to the poisoning, such as severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, soreness in the bite area, and flu-like symptoms.
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Seek medical care if you have a hobo spider bite. If you have been bitten by a hobo spider, you should first clean the wound thoroughly with antiseptic. Show the bite to a doctor so you can get antibiotics and/or a tetanus shot to prevent an infection.^{[7]
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- Most hobo spider bites will scab over within three weeks of the initial bite and leave a permanent scar on your body. If the bite develops in fatty tissue on your body, such as on the inside of your arms or legs, the bite may be very deep and not heal for two to three years.

Expert Q&A

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Question

Are there any other ways to identify Hobo spiders?

Brandon Runyon
Entomology and Pest Control Expert
Brandon Runyon is a board-certified Entomologist based in Evansville, Indiana. He has over 18 years of experience as a Pest Control professional, and is the Technical Director of Swat Pest Management. Swat Pest Management serves areas throughout Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois, where they provide safe, cost-effective solutions for client’s pest control needs. He authored Bugged by Bugs: A Comprehensive Guide to Pest Control, a user-friendly guide to commercial pest control practices in hotels, restaurants, apartments, and offices. He graduated from Purdue University with a BS in Entomology, and received a MS in Entomology from The University of Nebraska-Lincoln. He also received an MBA from Western Governors University.

Brandon Runyon

Entomology and Pest Control Expert

Expert Answer

You can also identify hobo spiders by examining their eyes. Starting from the top and moving downwards, you'll notice a distinct pattern: a pair of large eyes followed by two smaller eyes flanking at an angle, and finally, two additional eyes in the middle below the larger pair. This staggered arrangement repeats symmetrically on both sides. In contrast, grass spiders have their eyes clustered differently, with the pair of eyes positioned above the larger pair. This eye arrangement serves as a reliable way to differentiate between hobo spiders and other similar species, such as domestic house spiders or grass spiders. Focusing on eye structure rather than solely on memorizing patterns or colors can aid in accurately identifying spider species.

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I was bit 3 days ago by an unknown. I have severe neck pain and my left arm is weak. There are many bites in back of my head and toward my neck. What should I do?

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Go to a doctor. Based on the bite, your doctor may be able to determine what bit you and what precautions to take.

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What if the spider has bands on its legs?

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The spider is likely not a hobo spider if it has bands or rings on its legs.

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