Even if you’re confident what you’re saying, filler words like “Um” can creep in and make you sound unsure. If you want to get a handle on them, this quick reference chart has a ton of handy tips.
This graphic, from the London Speaker Bureau, has a wealth of tips on how to avoid “Um” and other filler words. There are the obvious things like slowing down, but you can also do more proactive things like preparing your thoughts into organized chunks, or even keeping your hands out of your pockets.
Here’s How You Can Stop Saying ‘Um’ Forever | Make Use Of