Hopes for first womb transplant baby

The world's first ever birth from a transplanted womb could be imminent as doctors successfully introduce an embryo into a Swedish woman's body

The Swedish research team practice before an operation to transplant a womb at the Sahlgrenska Hospital in Goteborg, Sweden
The Swedish research team practice before an operation to transplant a womb at the Sahlgrenska Hospital in Goteborg, Sweden Credit: Photo: JOHAN WINBORG/AP

A woman is on course to become the first in the world to give birth from a transplanted womb, after doctors successfully introduced an embryo into her body.

The embryo was transferred last week, months after the unidentified woman, who has a genetic condition that means she was born without a womb, became one of nine to receive pioneering transplants last year.

The transplanted womb was donated by the woman’s mother, so a baby would also be the first born to a woman using the same womb from which she emerged herself.

The egg from which the embryo was grown was the woman’s own. The development in Sweden holds out hope for up to 200,000 women in Europe, including thousands in Britain.

“The best scenario is a baby in nine months,” said Dr Mats Brannstrom, professor of obstetrics and gynaecology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, who led the transplant team.

“A success would be an important proof of principle that a procedure is now available to cure uterine infertility.”

Earlier this month, Dr Brannstrom revealed that all nine of the womb transplants his team performed between September 2012 and last April had been successful, with only minor complications.

Eight of the recipients suffer from MRKH syndrome, a congenital disorder which affects one in 5,000 women and prevents the womb from developing.

The ninth had her womb removed after suffering cervical cancer.

Women with the syndrome have intact ovaries and produce eggs, which can be fertilised outside their bodies like other “test-tube” babies.

Attempts to enable the Swedish women to bear children are being followed closely by would-be mothers around the world.

“When I read about it I cried for many hours,” said Sandra Boine, a 26-year-old Norwegian sales assistant with the condition.

She believes a hospital in her home country may eventually be willing to perform a similar operation.

“It means a lot because I’ve now got a chance to make a child on my own. There’s hope for us now.” She said that her mother and sister had each offered to donate their womb to her, if the Swedish procedure proved successful.

Dr Brannstrom said that because the operation was so new, it was impossible to estimate the chance of success.

“We know the pregnancy rate in the normal population − the chance for one embryo would be about 25 per cent − so it may take some trials until we get a pregnancy, or we may be lucky and get a pregnancy first time. We don’t know.”

A woman is only considered pregnant when an embryo successfully implants in the uterine wall.

Dr Brannstrom said that the nine women who had received womb transplants had already been deeply affected by the experience.

“Some of them say that it’s fantastic just to have a period. They say: 'Now I feel like a real woman, a normal woman, for the first time.’”

However, Stina Järvholm, the psychologist working with Dr Brannstrom’s team, predicted that the patients would be “more burdened” over the next few months.

“It’s the gap between hope and despair: 'If everything works out I could be on the first step towards getting my baby, but I could also be on the first stage of trying everything and not getting a baby anyhow’.”

Two other women had womb transplants prior to the Swedish programme.

One, who received a womb in Saudi Arabia in 2000, had it removed again after blood clots developed.

In 2011 a Turkish surgeon performed a successful transplant and his patient became pregnant, but she miscarried last year.

“What is going to be remembered in the books of medical history is not who did the first transplant in Saudi Arabia, or the team that did the nine transplants in Sweden,” Dr Brannstrom said. “It’s who did the transplant which led to the first baby.” The Turkish transplant was from the body of a woman killed in an accident, but eight of Dr Brannstrom’s patients received their wombs from close relatives, reducing the risk of their bodies rejecting them.

His team has also transplanted as many veins and arteries surrounding the womb as possible, improving blood supply to the area and so increasing the chance of a successful pregnancy.

Dr Brannstrom estimates that his programme has produced some 70 per cent of all research into womb transplants, with five PhD students developing the operation on mice, rats, sheep, pigs and an estimated 80 baboons.

“We deserve it because we have done most of the research,” he said.